Mechanical properties and biomedical applications of a nanotube hydroxyapatite-reduced graphene oxide composite

As a result of the growing interest in the biological and mechanical performance of hydroxyapatite (HA)–graphene nano-sheets (GNs) composite systems, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) reinforced hydroxyapatite nano-tube (nHA) composites were synthesized in situ using a simple hydrothermal method in a mix...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Carbon (New York) Vol. 69; pp. 32 - 45
Main Authors:	Baradaran, S., Moghaddam, E., Basirun, W.J., Mehrali, M., Sookhakian, M., Hamdi, M., Moghaddam, M.R. Nakhaei, Alias, Y.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01-04-2014 Elsevier
Subjects:	Biocompatibility Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology Exact sciences and technology Fourier transforms Fullerenes and related materials; diamonds, graphite Graphene Hydroxyapatite Infrared spectroscopy Materials science Mechanical and acoustical properties of condensed matter Mechanical properties Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization Nanostructure Nanotubes Oxides Physics Specific materials Mechanical properties Hydroxyapatite Graphene oxide Composite materials Nanotubes Biomedical application
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Summary:	As a result of the growing interest in the biological and mechanical performance of hydroxyapatite (HA)–graphene nano-sheets (GNs) composite systems, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) reinforced hydroxyapatite nano-tube (nHA) composites were synthesized in situ using a simple hydrothermal method in a mixed solvent system of ethylene glycol (EG), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and water, without using any of the typical reducing agents. The consolidation process was performed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 1150°C and 160MPa. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, enabling confirmation of the synthesis and reduction of the nHA and rGO, respectively. The structure of the synthesized powder and cell attachment on the sintered sample was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The effects of the rGO on the mechanical properties and the in vitro biocompatibility of the nHA based ceramic composites were investigated. The elastic modulus and fracture toughness of the sintered samples increased with the increase of the rGO content when compared to the pure nHA by 86% and 40%, respectively. Cell culture and viability test results showed that the addition of the rGO promotes osteoblast adhesion and proliferation, thereby increasing the biocompatibility of the nHA–rGO composite.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0008-6223 1873-3891
DOI:	10.1016/j.carbon.2013.11.054