Mitigating avian collisions with power lines through illumination with ultraviolet light

Collisions with anthropogenic structures by long-distance migrants and threatened and endangered species are a growing global conservation concern. Increasing the visibility of these structures may reduce collisions but may only be accepted by local residents if it does not create a visual disturban...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Avian conservation and ecology Vol. 17; no. 2; p. 1
Main Authors:	Baasch, David M., Hegg, Amanda M., Dwyer, James F., Caven, Andrew J., Taddicken, William E., Worley, Catherine A., Medaries, Amanda H., Wagner, Cody G., Dunbar, Phoebe G., Mittman, Nicole D.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Waterloo Resilience Alliance 01-08-2022
Subjects:	acas Anthropogenic factors antigone canadensis avian collision avoidance system branta canadensis canada goose Collision avoidance Collision mortality Collisions Conservation Distance Electricity Endangered species Generalized linear models Guy wires Illumination Insects Migratory birds Mitigation Nature conservation nebraska Perturbation platte river power line marking Power lines Precipitation Probability theory Rare species Sanctuaries sandhill crane Statistical models Structures System effectiveness Tension Threatened species Turbines Ultraviolet radiation Urban areas uv technology Visibility Wildlife conservation Wind power Wind speed Wind turbines United States > US Nebraska
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Summary:	Collisions with anthropogenic structures by long-distance migrants and threatened and endangered species are a growing global conservation concern. Increasing the visibility of these structures may reduce collisions but may only be accepted by local residents if it does not create a visual disturbance. Recent research has shown the potential for ultraviolet (UV) light, which is nearly imperceptible to humans, to mitigate avian collisions with anthropogenic structures. We tested the effectiveness of two UV (390–400 nm) Avian Collision Avoidance Systems (ACASs) at reducing collisions at two 260-m spans of marked power lines at the Iain Nicolson Audubon Center at Rowe Sanctuary, an important migratory bird stopover location in Nebraska. We used a randomized design and a tiered model selection approach employing generalized linear models and the Akaike Information Criterion to assess the effectiveness of ACASs considering environmental (e.g., precipitation) and detection probability (e.g., migration chronology) variables. We found focal (assessed power line) and distal (neighboring power line) ACAS status and environmental variables were important predictors of avian collisions. Our top model suggests that the focal ACAS illumination reduced collisions by 88%, collisions were more likely at moderate (10–16 km/h) compared to lower or higher wind speeds, and collision frequency decreased with precipitation occurrence. Our top model also indicates that the distal ACAS illumination reduced collisions by 39.4% at the focal power line when that ACAS was off, suggesting a positive "neighbor effect" of power line illumination. Although future applications of ACASs would benefit from additional study to check for potential negative effects (for example, collisions involving nocturnal foragers such as bats or caprimulgiform birds drawn to insects), we suggest that illuminating power lines, guy wires, towers, wind turbines, and other anthropogenic structures with UV illumination will likely lower collision risks for birds while increasing human acceptance of mitigation measures in urban areas.
ISSN:	1712-6568 1712-6568
DOI:	10.5751/ACE-02217-170209