Comparing Active and Passive Distraction-Based Music Therapy Interventions on Preoperative Anxiety in Pediatric Patients and Their Caregivers

Abstract Background Young children who experience high levels of preoperative anxiety often exhibit distress behaviors, experience more surgical complications, and are at a higher risk for developing a variety of negative postoperative consequences. A significant factor in pediatric preoperative anx...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of music therapy Vol. 54; no. 4; pp. 460 - 478
Main Authors:	Millett, Christopher R, Gooding, Lori F
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	US Oxford University Press 01-12-2017
Subjects:	Ambulatory Surgical Procedures - psychology Anxiety Anxiety - prevention & control Anxiety - therapy Caregivers Caregivers - psychology Child Developmental Stages Female Humans Intervention Male Music Music therapy Music Therapy - methods Patients Pediatrics Preoperative Care - methods Preoperative Care - psychology caregivers music therapy preoperative anxiety pediatrics ambulatory surgery
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Summary:	Abstract Background Young children who experience high levels of preoperative anxiety often exhibit distress behaviors, experience more surgical complications, and are at a higher risk for developing a variety of negative postoperative consequences. A significant factor in pediatric preoperative anxiety is the level of anxiety present in their caregivers. Active and passive music therapy interventions addressing anxiety prior to invasive procedures have been met with success. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative effectiveness of two distraction-based music therapy interventions on reducing preoperative anxiety in young pediatric surgical patients and their caregivers. Methods A total of 40 pediatric patient and caregiver dyads undergoing ambulatory surgery were included in this study. Pediatric preoperative anxiety was measured pre- and post-intervention using the modified Yale Pediatric Anxiety Scale, while caregiver anxiety was measured through self-report using the short-form Strait-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y6. Participants were randomized to either an active or passive intervention group for a preoperative music therapy session. Results Results indicated a significant reduction in preoperative anxiety for both patients and their caregivers regardless of intervention type. Neither active nor passive music therapy interventions were significantly more effective than the other. Conclusions For future studies, the researchers recommend an increased sample size, controlling for various factors such as sedative premedication use, and testing interventions with patients in various stages of development.
ISSN:	0022-2917 2053-7395
DOI:	10.1093/jmt/thx014