Pleiotropic Anticancer Properties of Scorpion Venom Peptides: Rhopalurus princeps Venom as an Anticancer Agent

To date, the success of conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted biological therapies in cancer treatment is not satisfactory. The main reasons for such outcomes rely on low target selectivity, primarily in chemo- and radiotherapy, ineffectiveness to metastatic disease, drug resistance,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Drug design, development and therapy Vol. 14; pp. 881 - 893
Main Authors:	Mikaelian, Arthur G, Traboulay, Eric, Zhang, Xiaofei Michael, Yeritsyan, Emma, Pedersen, Peter L, Ko, Young Hee, Matalka, Khalid Z
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New Zealand Dove Medical Press Limited 01-02-2020 Dove Dove Medical Press
Subjects:	Analysis angiogenesis Animals Antineoplastic agents Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology apoptosis Apoptosis - drug effects Cancer Cancer cells Cancer metastasis Cancer treatment cell arrest Cell Proliferation - drug effects Chemotherapy cytotoxicity Development and progression Diseases Drug resistance Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor Drug therapy Health aspects Humans immunomodulation Ion channels metastasis Peptides Peptides - chemistry Peptides - pharmacology polarization Radiotherapy Review Scorpion Venoms - chemistry Scorpion Venoms - pharmacology Scorpions - chemistry Therapeutics Venoms immunomodulation cell arrest metastasis angiogenesis apoptosis polarization cytotoxicity ion channels
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Summary:	To date, the success of conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted biological therapies in cancer treatment is not satisfactory. The main reasons for such outcomes rely on low target selectivity, primarily in chemo- and radiotherapy, ineffectiveness to metastatic disease, drug resistance, and severe side effects. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors may offer better clinical promise, success is still limited. Since cancer is a complex systemic disease, the need for new therapeutic modalities that can target or block several steps of cancer cell characteristics, modulate or repolarize immune cells, and are less toxic to healthy tissues is essential. Of these promising therapeutic modalities are pleiotropic natural products in which scorpion venom (SV) is an excellent example. SV consists of complex bioactive peptides that are disulfide-rich of different peptides' length, potent, stable, and exerts various multi-pharmacological actions. SV peptides also contain ion channel inhibitors. These ion channels are dysregulated and overexpressed in cancer cells, and play essential roles in cancer development and invasion, as well as depolarizing immune cells. Furthermore, SV has been found to induce cancer cell apoptosis, and inhibit cancer cells proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In the current review, we are presenting data that show the pleiotropic effect of SV against different types of human cancer as well as revealing one potential anticancer agent, Rhopalurus princeps venom. Furthermore, we are addressing what is needed to be done to translate these potential cancer therapeutics to the clinic.
ISSN:	1177-8881 1177-8881
DOI:	10.2147/DDDT.S231008