Polyamines and flavonoids: key compounds in mycorrhizal colonization of improved and unimproved soybean genotypes

Polyamines and flavonoids: key compounds in mycorrhizal colonization of improved and unimproved soybean genotypes

Modern breeding programs might have caused a reduction in plant responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Flavonoids and polyamines (PAs) are hypothesized to play a role in this symbiosis. We tested the effects of them in AMF roots of improved (I-1) and unimproved (UI-4) soybean genotype...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Symbiosis (Philadelphia, Pa.) Vol. 76; no. 3; pp. 265 - 275
Main Authors: Salloum, María S., Menduni, María F., Benavides, María P., Larrauri, Mariana, Luna, Celina M., Silvente, Sonia
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-11-2018
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Arbuscular mycorrhizas
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Colonization
Developmental Biology
Domestication
Ecology
Evolutionary Biology
Flavonoids
Fungi
Genotypes
Life Sciences
Microbiology
Phenols
Plant Sciences
Polyamines
Putrescine
RNA-mediated interference
Roots
Soybeans
Symbiosis
Transcription
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)
Flavonoids
Polyamines, improved and unimproved soybean genotypes
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Summary:Modern breeding programs might have caused a reduction in plant responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Flavonoids and polyamines (PAs) are hypothesized to play a role in this symbiosis. We tested the effects of them in AMF roots of improved (I-1) and unimproved (UI-4) soybean genotypes, under the hypothesis that domestication decreased their concentration in roots, affecting AMF colonization, particularly arbuscule formation. After 20 days of treatment, AMF roots of UI-4 genotype had greater amount of total flavonoids/phenols and PAs while in I-1 genotype no differences were observed between roots of mycorrhizal (M) and non mycorrhizal (NM) plants. Exogenous application of flavonoids led to an increase in arbuscules in both genotypes. Improved-1 genotype needed higher levels of flavonoids to reach the percentage of mycorrhization achieved by UI-4 control. In regard to PAs, mycorrhizal plants of both genotypes had higher endogenous concentration than NM plants, however, the highest concentration, especially of putrescine (put) was in UI-4 M genotype. To check the participation of put in symbiosis we used RNAi silencing methodology. Down regulation of the GmADC transcript, involved in put formation, had a profound negative effect on mycorrhizal colonization and also affected the normal development of the plant. By contrast, down regulation of GmDAO, in which ADC transcript was expressed, arbuscule formation was similar to control plant. Our results suggest that mycorrhizal colonization is affected by soybean domestication particularly arbuscule formation and this effect seems to be mediated by the endogenous roots levels of flavonoids and PAs, especially put.
ISSN:0334-5114
1878-7665
DOI:10.1007/s13199-018-0558-z