The Effect of Mycotoxins and Their Mixtures on Bovine Spermatozoa Characteristics

The Effect of Mycotoxins and Their Mixtures on Bovine Spermatozoa Characteristics

There is growing concern about the effects of mycotoxins on mammalian reproduction. Although the effects of single mycotoxins have been well documented, the impact of their mixtures on spermatozoon quality is less known. Here, frozen-thawed semen (n = 6 bulls) was in-vitro-cultured (2 h) without (co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins Vol. 15; no. 9; p. 556
Main Authors: Kalo, Dorit, Mendelson, Paz, Komsky-Elbaz, Alisa, Voet, Hillary, Roth, Zvi
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-09-2023
MDPI
Subjects:
Binary mixtures
bovine
Cattle
Cell division
Cytotoxicity
Exposure
Feeds
Fertility
Health aspects
Infertility
Influence
Membrane potential
Membranes
Metabolites
mycotoxin interactions
mycotoxin mixtures
Mycotoxins
Ochratoxin A
Oxidation
Reactive oxygen species
Semen
Sperm
Spermatozoa
Statistical analysis
Toxicity
Toxins
Zearalenone
Israel
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Summary:There is growing concern about the effects of mycotoxins on mammalian reproduction. Although the effects of single mycotoxins have been well documented, the impact of their mixtures on spermatozoon quality is less known. Here, frozen-thawed semen (n = 6 bulls) was in-vitro-cultured (2 h) without (control) or with (i) a single mycotoxin [zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), toxin 2 (T2), and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)] in a dose-response manner; (ii) binary mixtures (OTA + T2, OTA + ZEN, OTA + DAS, ZEN + T2, DAS + T2 and ZEN + DAS); or (iii) ternary mixtures (OTA + DAS + T2, OTA + ZEN + T2, and ZEN + DAS + T2). Then, the spermatozoa quality was characterized according to its plasma- and acrosome-membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxidation status by a flow cytometer. Exposure to single mycotoxins or binary mixtures did not affect the spermatozoa characteristics. However, exposure to the ternary mixtures, OTA + DAS + T2 and OTA + ZEN + T2, reduced (p < 0.05) the mitochondrial membrane potential relative to the control. In addition, OTA + ZEN + T2 increased (p < 0.05) the proportion of spermatozoa with reactive oxygen species relative to the control. The most suggested interaction effect between the mycotoxins was found to be an additive one. A synergistic interaction, mainly regarding the oxidation status of the spermatozoa, was also found between the mycotoxins. The current study sheds light on the potential risk of exposing spermatozoa to a mycotoxin mixture.
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ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins15090556