Vector bionomics and malaria transmission in the Upper Orinoco River, Southern Venezuela

Vector bionomics and malaria transmission in the Upper Orinoco River, Southern Venezuela

A longitudinal epidemiological and entomological study was carried out in Ocamo, Upper Orinoco River, between January 1994 and February 1995 to understand the dynamics of malaria transmission in this area. Malaria transmission occurs throughout the year with a peak in June at the beginning of the ra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Vol. 102; no. 3; pp. 303 - 311
Main Authors: Magris, Magda, Rubio-Palis, Yasmin, Menares, Cristóbal, Villegas, Leopoldo
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Brazil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz 01-06-2007
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Animals
Anopheles - classification
Anopheles - parasitology
Anopheles darlingi
biting activity
Child
entomological inoculation rate
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Female
Humans
Incidence
Insect Vectors - classification
Insect Vectors - parasitology
Longitudinal Studies
Malaria - epidemiology
Malaria - transmission
malaria incidence
Male
Middle Aged
PARASITOLOGY
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum - isolation & purification
Plasmodium falciparum - Plasmodium vivax - Plasmodium malariae - malaria incidence - Anopheles darlingi - biting activity - sporozoite rate - entomological inoculation rate - Venezuela
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium vivax
Population Density
Rivers
Seasons
sporozoite rate
TROPICAL MEDICINE
Venezuela
Venezuela - epidemiology
Venezuela
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Venezuela
malaria incidence
sporozoite rate
entomological inoculation rate
biting activity
Anopheles darlingi
Plasmodium malariae
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Summary:A longitudinal epidemiological and entomological study was carried out in Ocamo, Upper Orinoco River, between January 1994 and February 1995 to understand the dynamics of malaria transmission in this area. Malaria transmission occurs throughout the year with a peak in June at the beginning of the rainy season. The Annual Parasite Index was 1,279 per 1,000 populations at risk. Plasmodium falciparum infections accounted for 64% of all infections, P. vivax for 28%, and P. malariae for 4%. Mixed P. falciparum/ P. vivax infections were diagnosed in 15 people representing 4% of total cases. Children under 10 years accounted for 58% of the cases; the risk for malaria in this age group was 77% higher than for those in the greater than 50 years age group. Anopheles darlingi was the predominant anopheline species landing on humans indoors with a biting peak between midnight and dawn. A significant positive correlation was found between malaria monthly incidence and mean number of An. darlingi caught. There was not a significant relationship between mean number of An. darlingi and rainfall or between incidence and rainfall. A total of 7295 anophelines were assayed by ELISA for detection of Plasmodium circumsporozoite (CS) protein. Only An. darlingi (55) was positive for CS proteins of P. falciparum (0.42%), P. malariae (0.25%), and P. vivax-247 (0.1%). The overall estimated entomological inoculation rate was 129 positive bites/person/year. The present study was the first longitudinal entomological and epidemiological study conducted in this area and set up the basic ground for subsequent intervention with insecticide-treated nets.
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ISSN:1678-8060
0074-0276
1678-8060
DOI:10.1590/S0074-02762007005000049