Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, Metainflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Diseases: Unraveling Pathways

Glycolipid metabolic disorders (GLMDs) are various metabolic disorders resulting from dysregulation in glycolipid levels, consequently leading to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, liver dysfunction, neuromuscular complications, and cardiorenal vascular diseases (CRVDs). In patients with GLMDs,...

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Published in:	Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 7; p. 519
Main Authors:	de Lima, Enzo Pereira, Moretti, Jr, Renato Cesar, Torres Pomini, Karina, Laurindo, Lucas Fornari, Sloan, Kátia Portero, Sloan, Lance Alan, Castro, Marcela Vialogo Marques de, Baldi, Jr, Edgar, Ferraz, Bruna Fidencio Rahal, de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira, Eliana, Catharin, Virgínia Maria Cavallari Strozze, Mellen, Carolina Haber, Caracio, Flávia Cristina Castilho, Spilla, Caio Sérgio Galina, Haber, Jesselina F S, Barbalho, Sandra Maria
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 12-07-2024
Subjects:	Adipocytes Advanced glycosylation end products Amino acids Apoptosis atherogenesis Atherosclerosis Blood vessels Body fat Cardiovascular diseases Cholesterol Chronic illnesses Cytokines Diabetes Diabetes mellitus dyslipidemia Fat metabolism Fatty acids Glucagon Glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucose Glucose metabolism glycolipid metabolic disorders Hepatocytes Hyperglycemia Hypertension Inflammation Insulin resistance Kidney diseases Kinases Lipid metabolism Lipids Liver diseases Metabolic disorders metainflammation Morbidity Mortality Obesity Oxidation Oxidative metabolism Oxidative stress Physical activity Quality of life Regulation Toll-like receptors Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Vascular diseases atherogenesis hyperglycemia glycolipid metabolic disorders cardiovascular diseases dyslipidemia oxidative stress metainflammation
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Summary:	Glycolipid metabolic disorders (GLMDs) are various metabolic disorders resulting from dysregulation in glycolipid levels, consequently leading to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, liver dysfunction, neuromuscular complications, and cardiorenal vascular diseases (CRVDs). In patients with GLMDs, excess caloric intake and a lack of physical activity may contribute to oxidative stress (OxS) and systemic inflammation. This study aimed to review the connection between GLMD, OxS, metainflammation, and the onset of CRVD. GLMD is due to various metabolic disorders causing dysfunction in the synthesis, breakdown, and absorption of glucose and lipids in the body, resulting in excessive ectopic accumulation of these molecules. This is mainly due to neuroendocrine dysregulation, insulin resistance, OxS, and metainflammation. In GLMD, many inflammatory markers and defense cells play a vital role in related tissues and organs, such as blood vessels, pancreatic islets, the liver, muscle, the kidneys, and adipocytes, promoting inflammatory lesions that affect various interconnected organs through their signaling pathways. Advanced glycation end products, ATP-binding cassette transporter 1, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Toll-like receptor-4, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) play a crucial role in GLMD since they are related to glucolipid metabolism. The consequences of this is system organ damage and increased morbidity and mortality.
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ISSN:	2079-7737 2079-7737
DOI:	10.3390/biology13070519