Fluorescence measurements of the marine flatworm Macrostomum lignano during exposure to TNT and its derivatives 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT

Fluorescence measurements of the marine flatworm Macrostomum lignano during exposure to TNT and its derivatives 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT

Fluorescence measurements of the marine flatworm Macrostomum lignano were performed during exposure to the explosive TNT and its main derivatives 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT, using calcein AM, the acetoxymethylester of calcein, and the autofluorescence of its food (diatoms). Lethality was found to depend on t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine environmental research Vol. 161; p. 105041
Main Authors: Bickmeyer, Ulf, Meinen, Ina, Meyer, Stefanie, Kröner, Svenja, Brenner, Matthias
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Elsevier Ltd 01-10-2020
Elsevier BV
Subjects:
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
2-Amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene
4-Amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene
ABC transporter
Algae
Aquatic invertebrates
ATP
Autofluorescence
Calcein
Derivatives
Diatoms
Dyes
Exposure
Fluorescence
Food uptake
Lethality
Macrostomum lignano
Marine microorganisms
Toxicants
Uptake
4-Amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene
2-Amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene
Food uptake
Autofluorescence
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
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Summary:Fluorescence measurements of the marine flatworm Macrostomum lignano were performed during exposure to the explosive TNT and its main derivatives 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT, using calcein AM, the acetoxymethylester of calcein, and the autofluorescence of its food (diatoms). Lethality was found to depend on temperature and exposure time. After 12 days of exposure to a concentration of 33,3 mg/L 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT, the lethality at 30 °C (100%) was strongly increased compared to 21 °C (~60%). First deaths were observed after four days of exposure. Using lower concentrations (≤3,33 mg/L) of all three compounds, the activity of ABC transporters (ATP binding cassette transporter) was determined using calcein as reporter dye. Worms exposed to toxicants for 72 h showed a significant upregulation of ABC transporter activity during exposure to 3,33 mg/L 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT, and 3 mg/L TNT demonstrating the efficacy of this cellular first line defense. A distinct behavioral defense of the worms decreased the uptake of 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT (0,033 mg/L) as they reduced feeding shown by diminished autofluorescence of algae in the gut. [Display omitted] •Reduced feeding as behavioral defense against uptake of toxicants.•Lethality of 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT is time and temperature dependent.•ABCC transporter are upregulated in the presence of 2-ADNT, 4-ADNT and TNT.
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ISSN:0141-1136
1879-0291
DOI:10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105041