Kariz (Ancient Aqueduct) system: a review on geoengineering and environmental studies

Kariz (Ancient Aqueduct) system: a review on geoengineering and environmental studies

Kariz (Qanat or Roman Aqueduct) is an old knowledge that has been used in more than 35 countries. Kariz, previously recognized as a water management technology, involves horizontal subsurface galleries and vertical monitoring shafts, which works based on natural gravity force. This paper reviews var...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental earth sciences Vol. 80; no. 6
Main Authors: Ebrahimi, A., Mehraban, Yousef, Omidvarborna, Hamid, Vakilinejad, Ali, Al-Sayigh, Abdul Razak S.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-03-2021
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Arid climates
Aridity
Biogeosciences
Clean technology
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Electrical resistivity
Environmental impact
Environmental Science and Engineering
Environmental studies
Excavation
Galleries
Geochemistry
Geoengineering
Geographic information systems
Geographical information systems
Geology
Geophysical exploration
Geophysical methods
Gravity
Ground penetrating radar
Hydrology/Water Resources
Information systems
Land subsidence
Original Article
Population growth
Radar
Remote sensing
Restoration
Semiarid climates
Subsidence
Technology
Terrestrial Pollution
Tomography
Tourism
Tourist attractions
Tunnels
Underground structures
Water management
GIS
Qanat
Hydrogeochemistry
Kariz
Roman aqueduct
Remote sensing
Geophysical methods
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Description
Summary:Kariz (Qanat or Roman Aqueduct) is an old knowledge that has been used in more than 35 countries. Kariz, previously recognized as a water management technology, involves horizontal subsurface galleries and vertical monitoring shafts, which works based on natural gravity force. This paper reviews various geoengineering and environmental impacts studies that have been carried out on Kariz networks during recent decades. Geoengineering studies aim to figure out the location, geometrical structure, depth and path of Kariz galleries, which characterize a major hazard particularly in sites located in cities. Among the geoengineering studies, geophysical methods such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic (EM) methods are very common methods in exploring underground tunnels and other structural parameters related to Karizes. Defining the location and size of un-mapped Karizes also help to estimate the risk of subsidence and to develop plans for restoration and safety. Further, remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, which have been recently applied in a number of fields, are discussed. These new techniques help to map the positioning of networks in regions. Other emerging impacts of Kariz systems as an environmentally-friendly technology, its impacts on tourism attraction, land subsidence, and water management have been explored here. Due to modern lifestyle and demand for clean water as a result of population growth, especially in semi-arid or arid climates, this review study aims to explore the important role of Kariz system as a sustainable way of underground water management.
ISSN:1866-6280
1866-6299
DOI:10.1007/s12665-021-09545-2