Neurochemical, hormonal, and behavioral effects of chronic unpredictable stress in the rat

► One day after stress treatment increased locomotor activity was observed. ► No effect on anxiety-behavior measured by the elevated plus maze activity. ► One day after stress treatment increased plasma corticosterone levels were observed. ► One day after stress treatment increased hypothalamic sero...

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Published in:	Behavioural brain research Vol. 220; no. 1; pp. 106 - 111
Main Authors:	Cox, Brittney M., Alsawah, Fares, McNeill, Peter C., Galloway, Matthew P., Perrine, Shane A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Shannon Elsevier B.V 20-06-2011 Elsevier
Subjects:	Adult and adolescent clinical studies Animals Anxiety Anxiety - physiopathology Behavior, Animal - drug effects Behavior, Animal - physiology Behavioral psychophysiology Biological and medical sciences Brain - metabolism Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods Chronic Disease Chronic unpredictable stress Corticosterone Corticosterone - blood Depression Disease Models, Animal Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid - metabolism Hypothalamus Hypothalamus - metabolism Hypothalamus - pathology Locomotor activity Male Maze Learning - physiology Medical sciences Mood disorders Motor Activity - physiology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychopathology. Psychiatry Rat Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Serotonin Serotonin - metabolism Statistics as Topic Stress, Psychological - metabolism Stress, Psychological - pathology Stress, Psychological - physiopathology Weight Gain - physiology Chronic unpredictable stress Rat Serotonin Corticosterone Depression Anxiety Hypothalamus Locomotor activity Mood disorder Affect affectivity Steroid hormone Rodentia Central nervous system Glucocorticoid Stress Encephalon Locomotion Vertebrata Chronic Mammalia Animal Adrenal hormone Neurotransmitter Behavior
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Summary:	► One day after stress treatment increased locomotor activity was observed. ► No effect on anxiety-behavior measured by the elevated plus maze activity. ► One day after stress treatment increased plasma corticosterone levels were observed. ► One day after stress treatment increased hypothalamic serotonin activity was observed. ► A correlation between corticosterone and hypothalamic serotonin activity was found. The high comorbidity of anxiety and depression suggests a potential degree of commonality in their etiologies. The chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model effectively replicates depressive-like phenotypes; however, the ability of CUS to produce anxiety-like behaviors has not been adequately addressed. Using the CUS paradigm (2 stressors per day for 10 days) in adult Sprague-Dawley rats we identified behavioral, hormonal, and neurochemical changes one day after the cessation of treatment. Stress attenuated weight gain throughout the study and increased locomotor activity one day after treatment, but had no effect on anxiety-behavior as measured by the elevated plus maze. In addition, plasma corticosterone levels were positively correlated with hypothalamic serotonin (5-HT) activity one day after stress treatment as determined by the ratio of the metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) to the parent compound (5-HIAA/5-HT ratio). These data suggest behavioral phenotypes associated with depression, but not comorbid anxiety, emerge in the immediate period after cessation of stress and that stress related physiology is related to 5-HT activity in the hypothalamus.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0166-4328 1872-7549
DOI:	10.1016/j.bbr.2011.01.038