Laser ignitibility of insensitive secondary explosive 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7)

Laser ignitibility of insensitive secondary explosive 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7)

•Carbon black (CB) is an efficient optical sensitizer compatible with 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7).•A CB doped insensitive explosive FOX-7 can be ignited by a low-power diode laser.•Laser ignitibility of the optically sensitized FOX-7 is mainly affected by laser power among the other parame...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of hazardous materials Vol. 285; pp. 375 - 382
Main Authors: Fang, Xiao, McLuckie, Warren G
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 21-03-2015
Subjects:
Carbon black
Combustion
Delay
Explosions
Explosive Agents - chemistry
Explosives
FOX-7
Ignition
Insensitive explosive
Insensitive munitions
Laser ignition
Lasers
Nitro Compounds - chemistry
Optical sensitizer
Soot - chemistry
Sustainability
Insensitive explosive
Carbon black
Optical sensitizer
Laser ignition
FOX-7
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:•Carbon black (CB) is an efficient optical sensitizer compatible with 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7).•A CB doped insensitive explosive FOX-7 can be ignited by a low-power diode laser.•Laser ignitibility of the optically sensitized FOX-7 is mainly affected by laser power among the other parameters.•Inhomogeneities in the explosive affect laser ignition reliability. An experimental investigation into laser ignitibility of insensitive secondary explosives, 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) has been carried out, using a diode laser of continuous wave at the laser wavelength of 974nm. The direct optical ignition of an insensitive explosive will add more safety features to insensitive munitions (IM) or explosive devices. In this study, effects of laser parameters on the ignitibility were analysed in terms of laser ignition threshold, the times to initiate the ignition and full combustion, and burning sustainability. The results have shown that carbon black (CB) as an optical sensitizer is compatible with FOX-7, and significantly enhances laser ignitibility of the explosive when a small amount of CB is uniformly doped in FOX-7. The delay times for ignition and subsequent development of sustainable burning of the material are mainly determined by ignition laser power, although the other laser parameters have effects. The minimum laser power required to ignite the optically sensitized FOX-7 was found below 10W and a fast ignition was initiated in as short as 70μs by a laser power of 40W. Also the effect of the mixture uniformity of FOX-7/CB on laser ignition performance was evaluated in this study.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:0304-3894
1873-3336
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.006