Transcriptome analysis of biomineralisation-related genes within the pearl sac: Host and donor oyster contribution

Transcriptome analysis of biomineralisation-related genes within the pearl sac: Host and donor oyster contribution

Cultured pearl production is a complex biological process involving the implantation of a mantle graft from a donor pearl oyster along with a bead nucleus into the gonad of a second recipient host oyster. Therefore, pearl production potentially involves the genetic co-operation of two oyster genomes...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine genomics Vol. 5; pp. 27 - 33
Main Authors: McGinty, E.L., Zenger, K.R., Jones, D.B., Jerry, D.R.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-03-2012
Subjects:
Animal Shells
Animals
calreticulin
Expressed Sequence Tags
Gene Expression Profiling
genes
Genome
Margaritifera
Marine
messenger RNA
Mollusca
Nacre - biosynthesis
Nacre - genetics
oysters
Pearl formation
Pearl oyster
Pinctada - genetics
Pinctada - metabolism
Pinctada margaritifera
Pinctada maxima
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Proteins - genetics
Shell matrix protein
shelling
single nucleotide polymorphism
Transcriptome
transcriptomics
Transplantation, Heterologous
Xenograft
Pinctada maxima
Pearl oyster
Pearl formation
Xenograft
Shell matrix protein
Pinctada margaritifera
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Summary:Cultured pearl production is a complex biological process involving the implantation of a mantle graft from a donor pearl oyster along with a bead nucleus into the gonad of a second recipient host oyster. Therefore, pearl production potentially involves the genetic co-operation of two oyster genomes. Whilst many genes in the mantle tissue have been identified and linked to shell biomineralisation in pearl oysters, few studies have determined which of these biomineralisation genes are expressed in the pearl sac and potentially linked to pearl biomineralisation processes. It is also uncertain whether the host or donor oyster is primarily responsible for the expression of biomineralisation genes governing pearl formation, with only two shell matrix proteins previously identified as being expressed by the donor oyster in the pearl sac. To further our understanding of pearl formation, the pearl sac transcriptome of Pinctada maxima and Pinctada margaritifera was each sequenced to an equivalent 5× genome coverage with putative molluscan biomineralisation-related genes identified. Furthermore, the host and donor contribution of these expressed genes within the pearl sac were quantified using a novel approach whereby two pearl oyster species harbouring unique genomes, P. maxima or P. margaritifera, were used to produce xenografted pearl sacs. A total of 19 putative mollusc biomineralisation genes were identified and found to be expressed in the pearl sacs of P. maxima and P. margaritifera. From this list of expressed genes, species-diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified within seven of these genes; Linkine, N66, Perline, N44, MSI60, Calreticulin and PfCHS1. Based on the presence/absence of species diagnostic gene transcripts within xenografted pearl sacs, all seven genes were found to be expressed by the species used as the donor oyster. In one individual we also found that the host was expressing Linkine. These results convincingly show for the first time that the donor mantle tissue is primarily responsible for the expression of biomineralisation genes in the pearl sac.
Bibliography:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margen.2011.08.006
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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content type line 23
ISSN:1874-7787
1876-7478
DOI:10.1016/j.margen.2011.08.006