Modeling of the Battery Pack and Battery Management System towards an Integrated Electric Vehicle Application

Modeling of the Battery Pack and Battery Management System towards an Integrated Electric Vehicle Application

The transportation sector is under increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by decarbonizing its operations. One prominent solution that has emerged is the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). As the electric vehicles market experiences rapid growth, the utilization of lithium-ion batt...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energies (Basel) Vol. 16; no. 20; p. 7165
Main Authors: Mawuntu, Nadya Novarizka, Mu, Bao-Qi, Doukhi, Oualid, Lee, Deok-Jin
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-10-2023
Subjects:
Accuracy
Air pollution
Algorithms
Automobiles, Electric
Batteries
battery pack
BMS
Electric vehicles
Energy storage
Greenhouse gases
LiB modeling
Lithium
Methods
Optimization
Parameter identification
Sensors
SOC estimation
Temperature
Transportation equipment industry
Transportation industry
United Kingdom
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Summary:The transportation sector is under increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by decarbonizing its operations. One prominent solution that has emerged is the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). As the electric vehicles market experiences rapid growth, the utilization of lithium-ion batteries (LiB) has become the predominant choice for energy storage. However, it is important to note that lithium-ion battery technology is sensitive to factors, like excessive voltage and temperature. Therefore, the development of an accurate battery model and a reliable state of charge (SOC) estimator is crucial to safeguard against the overcharging and over-discharging of the battery. Numerous studies have been conducted to address lithium-ion battery cell modeling and SOC estimations. These studies have explored variations in the number of RC networks within the model and different estimation methods. However, it is worth mentioning that the capacity of a single lithium-ion battery cell is relatively low and cannot be directly employed in electric vehicles. To meet the total capacity and voltage requirements for electric vehicles, multiple cells are typically connected in series or parallel configurations to form a battery pack. Surprisingly, this aspect has often been overlooked in previous research. To tackle this overlooked challenge, our study introduces a comprehensive battery pack model and an advanced Battery Management System (BMS). We then integrate these components into an electric vehicle model. Subsequently, we simulate the integrated EV-BMS model under the conditions of four different urban driving scenarios to replicate real-world driving conditions. The BMS that we have developed includes an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based SOC estimation system, a mechanism for controlling coolant flow, and a passive cell-balancing algorithm. These components work together to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the battery pack within the electric vehicles.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en16207165