Identifying the Determinants of Hookah Smoking Among the Youth; A Mixed-Methods Study

Hookahs have been rising in popularity in the United States (U.S.) especially among the youth yet not much research has been carried out to understand the various predictors of hookah use among youth. We have thus conducted a cross-sectional study with a mixed-methods triangulation design to identif...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of community health Vol. 49; no. 6; pp. 1073 - 1094
Main Authors:	Jehi, Tony, Sabado, Parichart, Beeson, Lawrence, Matta, Dania, Herring, Patti, Sharma, Archana, Emory, Kristen, Serban, Pamela
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Springer US 01-12-2024 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Addictions Adolescent California - epidemiology Community and Environmental Psychology Cross-Sectional Studies Data collection Ecological models Education Electronic cigarettes Ethics Female Focus Groups Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Humans Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mixed methods research Original Paper Peer Influence Public health Smoking Smoking Water Pipes - statistics & numerical data Social networks Surveys and Questionnaires Tobacco Triangulation Virginia - epidemiology Water Pipe Smoking - epidemiology Young Adult Virginia California United States > US Determinants Hookah smoking Youth Social Ecological Model
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Summary:	Hookahs have been rising in popularity in the United States (U.S.) especially among the youth yet not much research has been carried out to understand the various predictors of hookah use among youth. We have thus conducted a cross-sectional study with a mixed-methods triangulation design to identify the hookah use determinants at different levels of the Social Ecological Model among youth. Participants between the ages of 18–24 years were sampled purposively, between April to November 2023, following a snowballing technique from various communities in Virginia and California, United States. Data were collected via a survey, one-on-one interviews, and focus groups. The study had a total sample size of 20. We found that participants smoked for a median of 5 times in the past 30 days. The main determinants of hookah smoking included the limited knowledge of health effects and addiction, positive attitude, family and peer influence, use as a means to socially connect with others, culture, social acceptability, lack of education at school and work place, access to hookah bars and smoke shops, and lack of strict enforcement of laws to ban smoking of youth. Educational interventions should be implemented by public health authorities to target the youth, their social and communities to provide education on hookah harm and addictiveness and to restrict access to- and the production, distribution, marketing and sales of hookahs.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0094-5145 1573-3610 1573-3610
DOI:	10.1007/s10900-024-01374-1