A comparative scanning electron microscopy evaluation of smear layer removal with apple vinegar and sodium hypochlorite associated with EDTA

The purpose of this study was to evaluate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the removal of smear layer from the middle and apical root thirds after use of different irrigating solutions. Forty roots of permanent human teeth had their canals instrumented and were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of applied oral science Vol. 19; no. 6; pp. 639 - 643
Main Authors:	Candeiro, George Táccio de Miranda, Matos, Isabela Barbosa de, Costa, Clarice Fernandes Eloy da, Fonteles, Cristiane Sá Roriz, Vale, Mônica Sampaio do
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Brazil Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru da Universidade de São Paulo 01-12-2011 Faculdade De Odontologia De Bauru - USP University of São Paulo
Subjects:	Acetic Acid - pharmacology Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology Chelating Agents - pharmacology Dental Pulp Cavity - drug effects Dentin - drug effects DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Edetic Acid - pharmacology EDTA Humans Malus - chemistry Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Original Random Allocation Root Canal Irrigants - pharmacology Scanning electron microscopy Smear Layer Sodium Hypochlorite - pharmacology Statistics, Nonparametric EDTA Scanning electron microscopy Smear layer
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Summary:	The purpose of this study was to evaluate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the removal of smear layer from the middle and apical root thirds after use of different irrigating solutions. Forty roots of permanent human teeth had their canals instrumented and were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10), according to the irrigating solution: apple vinegar (group A), apple vinegar finished with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (group B), 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) finished with 17% EDTA (group C) and saline (group D - control). After chemomechanical preparation, the roots were cleaved longitudinally and their middle and apical thirds were examined by SEM at ×1,000 magnification. Two calibrated examiners (kappa=0.92) analyzed the SEM micrographs qualitatively attributing scores that indicated the efficacy of the solutions in removing the smear layer from the surface of the dentin tubules (1 - poor, 2 - good and 3 - excellent). Data from the control and experimental groups were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test, while the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the middle and apical thirds of the canals within the same group (a=0.05). The middle third presented less amount of smear layer than the apical third, regardless of the irrigant. There was statistically significant difference (p=0.0402) among the groups in the middle third. In the apical third, the apple vinegar/EDTA group showed the greatest removal of smear layer (p=0.0373). Apple vinegar associated or not with EDTA was effective in removing smear layer when used as an endodontic irrigant.
ISSN:	1678-7757 1678-7765 1678-7765 1678-7757
DOI:	10.1590/S1678-77572011000600016