Anesthetic effects of the ketamine and midazolam association by intranasal or intramuscular route in domestic chickens: prospective, blinded, randomized and crossover study

This prospective, blinded, randomized crossover study aimed to assess the anesthetic effects of the combination of 30 mg/kg ketamine and 2 mg/kg midazolam via intranasal (IN) or intramuscular (IM) routes in twelve domestic chickens. Physiological parameters (respiratory rate - RR, heart rate - HR, a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Revista brasileira de medicina veterinária Vol. 46; p. e005953
Main Authors:	Adão, Fernanda Meirelles, Martins, Isabella Danon, Dos Passos, Álvaro Alberto Moura Sá, de Moraes, Renata Fernandes Ferreira, Balthazar, Daniel de Almeida, de Carvalho, Eduardo Butturini
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Brazil 2024
Subjects:	birds conscious sedation ketamine benzodiazepine Gallus gallus
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	This prospective, blinded, randomized crossover study aimed to assess the anesthetic effects of the combination of 30 mg/kg ketamine and 2 mg/kg midazolam via intranasal (IN) or intramuscular (IM) routes in twelve domestic chickens. Physiological parameters (respiratory rate - RR, heart rate - HR, and cloacal temperature -Tºcloacal) were monitored throughout the experiment, along with recovery time and sedation level (S0: awake, no recumbency, responsive to stimuli; S1: blinking eyes, recumbency, relaxed, response to stimulus, mild movement; S2: open eyes, recumbency, relaxed, mild response to stimuli; S3: closed eyes, recumbency, relaxed, no movement). In the IM group, all birds reached S3, while in IN 5/12 reached S3, 4/12 reached at most S1, and 1/12 at most S2. IM administration showed higher sedation at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 35, 40, and 45 minutes (p<0.05). IN administration exhibited a shorter total recovery time (26.3±21.4 min vs. 92.9±33.4 min; p<0.001). No time, group, or time-group interaction effects were observed in HR and cloacal Tº, with a trend to a decrease in RR both groups (p<0.001). Increased incidences of vocalization and agitation was observed via IM (4/12 vs. 0/12; p=0.028), with no difference in salivation. Despite faster recovery with less agitation and vocalization, the ketamine and midazolam combination via IN provided less consistent sedation compared to the IM route in chickens.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	0100-2430 2527-2179 2527-2179
DOI:	10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm005923