Does ADHD worsen inhibitory control in preschool children born very premature and/or with very low birth weight?

Does ADHD worsen inhibitory control in preschool children born very premature and/or with very low birth weight?

Deficits in executive functioning, especially in inhibitory control, are present in children born very premature and/or with very low birth weight (VP/VLBW) and in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To evaluate whether ADHD imposes additional inhibitory control (IC) defic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy Vol. 42; no. 4; pp. 340 - 347
Main Authors: Lacerda, Bárbara Calil, Martínez, Sophia B S, Franz, Adelar Pedro, Moreira-Maia, Carlos Renato, Silveira, Rita C, Procianoy, Renato S, Rohde, Luis A, Wagner, Flávia
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Brazil Associação de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul - Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 01-10-2020
Associação de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul
Subjects:
ADHD
Affective disorders
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Birth weight
Children
Executive function
Hyperactivity
Inhibitory control
Low-birth-weight
Mental disorders
Original
prematurity
preschool
Preschool children
PSYCHIATRY
Schizophrenia
ADHD
Inhibitory control
preschool
prematurity
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Summary:Deficits in executive functioning, especially in inhibitory control, are present in children born very premature and/or with very low birth weight (VP/VLBW) and in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To evaluate whether ADHD imposes additional inhibitory control (IC) deficits in preschoolers born VP/VLBW. 79 VP/VLBW (4 to 7 years) children were assessed for ADHD using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children - Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). IC was measured with Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT 2) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool Version (BRIEF-P).Results: No significant differences were found between ADHD (n = 24) and non-ADHD children (n = 55) for any of the measures (p = 0.062 to p = 0.903). Both groups had deficits in most K-CPT 2 scores compared to normative samples, indicating poor IC and inconsistent reaction times. ADHD does not aggravate IC deficits in VP/VLBW children. Either neuropsychological tasks and parent reports of executive functions (EFs) may not be sensitive enough to differentiate VP/VLBW preschoolers with and without ADHD, or these children's EFs are already so impaired that there is not much room for additional impairments imposed by ADHD.
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Disclosure
Luis Augusto Rohde has received grant or research support from, served as a consultant to, and served on the speakers’ bureau of Eli Lilly and Co., Janssen, Medice, Novartis, and Shire. The ADHD and Juvenile Bipolar Disorder Outpatient Programs, chaired by Dr Rohde, have received unrestricted educational and research support from the following pharmaceutical companies: Eli Lilly and Co., Janssen, and Novartis. Dr Rohde has received authorship royalties from Oxford Press and ArtMed and travel grants from Shire to take part in the 2018 American Psychiatry Association (APA) annual meeting and from Novartis to take part in the 2016 American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) annual meeting.
ISSN:2237-6089
2238-0019
2238-0019
DOI:10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0075