(Internet) Gaming Disorder in DSM-5 and ICD-11: A Case of the Glass Half Empty or Half Full: (Internet) Le trouble du jeu dans le DSM-5 et la CIM-11: Un cas de verre à moitié vide et à moitié plein

Background: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) included in 2013 Internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a condition for further study, and in 2018, the World Health Organization included gaming disorder (GD) as a mental disorder in the International Classification of Disease (IC...

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Published in:	Canadian journal of psychiatry Vol. 66; no. 5; pp. 477 - 484
Main Authors:	Borges, Guilherme, Orozco, Ricardo, Benjet, Corina, Mart´ınez, Kalina I. Mart´ınez, Contreras, Eunice Vargas, P´erez, Ana Lucia Jim´enez, Cedr´es, Alvaro Julio Pel´aez, Uribe, Praxedis Cristina Hern´andez, Couder, Mar´ıa Anabell Covarrubias D´ıaz, Gutierrez-Garcia, Ra´ ul A., Ch´avez, Guillermo E. Quevedo, Albor, Yesica, Mendez, Enrique, Medina-Mora, Maria Elena, Mortier, Philippe, Ayuso-Mateos, Jos´e Luis
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01-05-2021 SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
Subjects:	Internet Mental disorders Original Research epidemiology prevalence Mexico ICD-11 DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder
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Summary:	Background: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) included in 2013 Internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a condition for further study, and in 2018, the World Health Organization included gaming disorder (GD) as a mental disorder in the International Classification of Disease (ICD-11). We aim to compare disorders of gaming in both diagnostic systems using a sample of young adults in Mexico. Methods: Self-administered survey to estimate the prevalence of DSM-5 IGD and ICD-11 GD in 5 Mexican universities; 7,022 first-year students who participated in the University Project for Healthy Students, part of the World Health Organization World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. Cross-tabulation, logistic regression, and item response theory were used to inform on 12- month prevalence of DSM-5 IGD and ICD-11 GD, without and with impairment. Results: The 12-month prevalence of DSM-5 IGD was 5.2% (95% CI, 4.7 to 5.8), almost twice as high as the prevalence using the ICD-11 GD criteria (2.7%; 95% CI, 2.4 to 3.1), and while adding an impairment requirement diminishes both estimates, prevalence remains larger in DSM-5. We found that DSM-5 cases detected and undetected by ICD-11 criteria were similar in demographics, comorbid mental disorders, service use, and impairment variables with the exception that cases detected by ICD-11 had a larger number of symptoms and were more likely to have probable drug dependence than undetected DSM-5 cases. Conclusion: DSM-5 cases detected by ICD-11 are mostly similar to cases undetected by ICD-11. By using ICD-11 instead of DSM-5, we may be leaving (similarly) affected people underserved. It is unlikely that purely epidemiological studies can solve this discrepancy and clinical validity studies maybe needed.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Case Study-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-4 content type line 23 ObjectType-Report-1 ObjectType-Article-3
ISSN:	0706-7437 1497-0015
DOI:	10.1177/0706743720948431