The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis and Integrated Electric Fields Modeling Analysis

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been showing promising effects for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but there is still no conclusion on its efficacy for this disorder. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials using tDCS for OCD and a comput...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Biomedicines Vol. 11; no. 1; p. 80
Main Authors:	Pinto, Bianca Silva, Cavendish, Beatriz Araújo, da Silva, Pedro Henrique Rodrigues, Suen, Paulo Jeng Chian, Marinho, Kalian Almeida Pereira, Valiengo, Leandro da Costa Lane, Vanderhasselt, Marie-Anne, Brunoni, André Russowsky, Razza, Laís Boralli
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 29-12-2022 MDPI
Subjects:	Bias Brain Clinical trials computer modeling Electric fields Electrical stimulation of the brain Electroconvulsive therapy Electrodes ESB Meta-analysis noninvasive brain stimulation Obsessive compulsive disorder Open source software open-label trials Psychotherapy randomized controlled trials Supplementary motor area Systematic Review transcranial direct current stimulation Transcranial magnetic stimulation computer modeling regions of interest meta-analysis open-label trials systematic-review electric field obsessive–compulsive disorder randomized controlled trials transcranial direct current stimulation noninvasive brain stimulation
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Summary:	Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been showing promising effects for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but there is still no conclusion on its efficacy for this disorder. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials using tDCS for OCD and a computer modeling analysis to evaluate the electric field (EF) strengths of different electrode assemblies in brain regions of interest (ROIs) (PROSPERO-42021262465). PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 25 September 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and open-label studies were included. The primary aim was the effect size (Hedges' g) of continuous outcomes and potential moderators of response. For EF modeling, SimNIBS software was used. Four RCTs and four open-label trials were included ( = 241). Results revealed a large effect of tDCS in the endpoint, but no significant effect between active and sham protocols. No predictor of response was found. EF analysis revealed that montages using the main electrode over the (pre)supplementary motor area with an extracephalic reference electrode might lead to stronger EFs in the predefined ROIs. Our results revealed that tDCS might be a promising intervention to treat OCD; however, larger studies are warranted.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	2227-9059 2227-9059
DOI:	10.3390/biomedicines11010080