Vertical forces on the horse's back in sitting and rising trot

Abstract In equestrian sports, it is generally assumed that rising and sitting trot load the horse's back differently. The objective of this study was to quantify the load on the horse's back in these riding techniques. Kinematic data of 13 riders were collected in rising and sitting trot....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of biomechanics Vol. 43; no. 4; pp. 627 - 631
Main Authors:	de Cocq, Patricia, Mariken Duncker, Anne, Clayton, Hilary M, Bobbert, Maarten F, Muller, Mees, van Leeuwen, Johan L
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 03-03-2010 Elsevier Elsevier Limited
Subjects:	Acceleration Animals Back - physiology Biological and medical sciences Biomechanics Body weight Cameras COM Computer Simulation Data collection Equus caballus Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gait - physiology Horse sports Horses Horses - physiology Kinematics loads Loads (forces) Locomotion Locomotion - physiology Mathematical analysis Models, Biological movements Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Posture - physiology rider Riders Riding Riding technique Rising trot Sitting trot Skin Stress, Mechanical Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports walking Weight-Bearing - physiology United States > US Equus caballus Locomotion Sitting trot Riding technique Rising trot Human Reaction force Biomechanics Sport Vertebrata Mammalia Animal Equitation Seated position Horse Kinematics Perissodactyla Technique Ungulata Biomedical engineering
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Summary:	Abstract In equestrian sports, it is generally assumed that rising and sitting trot load the horse's back differently. The objective of this study was to quantify the load on the horse's back in these riding techniques. Kinematic data of 13 riders were collected in rising and sitting trot. The time-history of the position of the rider's centre of mass (CoM) was calculated, and differentiated twice to obtain the acceleration of the CoM. The reaction force between the rider and the horse's back was calculated from the acceleration. Forces were divided by the body weight of the rider to obtain dimensionless forces. As expected, the computed average vertical force did not differ between riding techniques and was not significantly different from the body weight of the riders. At trot, two force peaks were present during one stride cycle. Both peaks in rising trot were significantly lower compared to sitting trot (peak 1: 2.54±0.30 versus 2.92±0.29; p <0.001; peak 2: 1.95±0.34 versus 3.03±0.32; p <0.001). This supports the general assumption that rising trot is less demanding for the horse than sitting trot.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0021-9290 1873-2380
DOI:	10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.10.036