The Problems of Passive Remote Sensing of the Earth’s Surface in the Range of 1.2–1.6 GHz

The Problems of Passive Remote Sensing of the Earth’s Surface in the Range of 1.2–1.6 GHz

The main problems of remote sensing of the Earth’s surface within the frequency range 1.2–1.6 GHz are discussed. They are related to the resonant quantum properties of the radio wave propagation medium in the lower ionosphere. It is shown that, for the passive remote sensing, the main source is inco...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Atmosphere Vol. 11; no. 6; p. 650
Main Authors: Golubkov, Gennady V., Manzhelii, Mikhail I., Berlin, Alexandr A., Eppelbaum, Lev V., Lushnikov, Alexey A., Morozov, Igor I., Dmitriev, Alexey V., Adamson, Sergey O., Dyakov, Yuri A., Morozov, Andrey N., Golubkov, Maxim G.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-06-2020
Subjects:
Airships
charged aerosols
D and E ionospheric layers
Detection
Earth surface
Equilibrium
equipment calibration
Fluxes
Frequency ranges
Ionosphere
Ionospheric layers
Ionospheric propagation
Lower ionosphere
Measuring instruments
Microwave radiation
Microwaves
Radiation
Radiation sources
Radio wave propagation
Radio waves
Remote sensing
remote sensing of Earth’s surface
Satellite orbits
Satellites
Sensors
Wave propagation
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Summary:The main problems of remote sensing of the Earth’s surface within the frequency range 1.2–1.6 GHz are discussed. They are related to the resonant quantum properties of the radio wave propagation medium in the lower ionosphere. It is shown that, for the passive remote sensing, the main source is incoherent microwave radiation of the D and E ionospheric layers in the decimeter range. For the first time, a theoretically grounded principally new scheme of measurements is suggested. The scheme assumes that the radiation source exists below the satellite orbit and accounts for the fact that two types of radiation (direct and reflected) reach the satellite sensor. The separation of the respective fluxes is a serious problem that should be solved for the correct interpretation of the measurements. The question is raised regarding the correct calibration of measuring equipment, depending on the current state of the ionosphere.
ISSN:2073-4433
2073-4433
DOI:10.3390/atmos11060650