Exploring PEMFCs for Powering Untethered Small-Scale Robots

Magnetically guided untethered devices are used in a variety of medical applications. These devices are typically powered by onboard battery units. Hydrogen fuel cells (FC) are a promising alternative power source for such small-scale devices since they rely on a sustainable fuels which produce elec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	2024 10th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob) pp. 753 - 760
Main Authors:	Manikandan, Aiswarya Lakshmi, Gurboga, Berfin, Munzenrieder, Niko, Raman, Akash, Gardeniers, Han J. G. E., Susarrey-Arce, Arturo, Abelmann, Leon, Khalil, Islam S. M.
Format:	Conference Proceeding
Language:	English
Published:	IEEE 01-09-2024
Subjects:	Coils Fuel cells Inductors Load modeling Magnetic moments Mathematical models Numerical models Performance evaluation Power system measurements Robots
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	Magnetically guided untethered devices are used in a variety of medical applications. These devices are typically powered by onboard battery units. Hydrogen fuel cells (FC) are a promising alternative power source for such small-scale devices since they rely on a sustainable fuels which produce electric power from the redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen across a proton exchange membrane (PEM). Understanding the impact of decreasing the active electrode area in FCs is crucial for deploying FCs in untethered devices and gaining insights into the challenges of downscaling the devices. This paper investigates the performance of PEM FCs (PEMFCs) when their active area is reduced, and when the FC is supplied with reactants at different flow rates from a PEM electrolyzer. PEMFCs with three active electrode areas, 3.5 × 3.5 cm 2 , 2.7×2.7 cm 2 , and 1.6×1.6 cm 2 were designed, fabricated, and characterised. Maximum fuel cell output powers of 0.3 W, 0.09 W, and 0.03 W (maximum power densities of 0.025 W/cm 2 , 0.012 W/cm 2 , and 0.013 W/cm 2 ) corresponding to the three aforementioned areas were achieved. Mathematical modeling of the PEMFC simulated the FC response, providing insights into the activation kinetics of the fuel cell. The smallest PEMFC with an active area of 1.6 × 1.6 cm 2 was used to power an inductor coil (rated 130 mA, 150 mH, 8 Ω). This study can guide the development of FCs to power untethered devices.
ISSN:	2155-1782
DOI:	10.1109/BioRob60516.2024.10719906