Pharmacological evaluation of Ashwagandha highlighting its healthcare claims, safety, and toxicity aspects

Withania somnifera, commonly known as "Ashwagandha" or "Indian ginseng" is an essential therapeutic plant of Indian subcontinent regions. It is regularly used, alone or in combination with other plants for the treatment of various illnesses in Indian Systems of Medicine over the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of dietary supplements Vol. 18; no. 2; pp. 183 - 226
Main Authors:	Mandlik (Ingawale), Deepa S., Namdeo, Ajay G.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Taylor & Francis 04-03-2021
Subjects:	adaptogenic anti-Alzheimer anti-arthritic anti-cancer anti-diabetic anti-hypoxic anti-inflammatory anti-ischemic anti-microbial anti-Parkinson anti-stress aphrodisiac cardio-protective clinical evaluation hepatoprotection immunomodulatory neuro-protective safety and toxicity Withania somnifera anti-Parkinson aphrodisiac anti-arthritic anti-Alzheimer clinical evaluation anti-cancer anti-microbial anti-hypoxic anti-inflammatory cardio-protective safety and toxicity neuro-protective anti-diabetic adaptogenic Withania somnifera anti-stress hepatoprotection anti-ischemic immunomodulatory
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Summary:	Withania somnifera, commonly known as "Ashwagandha" or "Indian ginseng" is an essential therapeutic plant of Indian subcontinent regions. It is regularly used, alone or in combination with other plants for the treatment of various illnesses in Indian Systems of Medicine over the period of 3,000 years. Ashwagandha (W. somnifera) belongs to the genus Withania and family Solanaceae. It comprises a broad spectrum of phytochemicals having wide range of biological effects. W. somnifera has demonstrated various biological actions such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-arthritic, anti-stress/adaptogenic, neuro-protective, cardio-protective, hepato-protective, immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, W. somnifera has revealed the capability to decrease reactive oxygen species and inflammation, modulation of mitochondrial function, apoptosis regulation and improve endothelial function. Withaferin-A is an important phytoconstituents of W. somnifera belonging to the category of withanolides been used in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of various disorders. In this review, we have summarized the active phytoconstituents, pharmacologic activities (preclinical and clinical), mechanisms of action, potential beneficial applications, marketed formulations and safety and toxicity profile of W. somnifera.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	1939-0211 1939-022X
DOI:	10.1080/19390211.2020.1741484