Complex Admixture Preceded and Followed the Extinction of Wisent in the Wild

Complex Admixture Preceded and Followed the Extinction of Wisent in the Wild

Retracing complex population processes that precede extreme bottlenecks may be impossible using data from living individuals. The wisent (Bison bonasus), Europe's largest terrestrial mammal, exemplifies such a population history, having gone extinct in the wild but subsequently restored by capt...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular biology and evolution Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 598 - 612
Main Authors: Wecek, Karolina, Hartmann, Stefanie, Paijmans, Johanna L A, Taron, Ulrike, Xenikoudakis, Georgios, Cahill, James A, Heintzman, Peter D, Shapiro, Beth, Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bunevich, Aleksei N, Crees, Jennifer J, Dobosz, Roland, Manaserian, Ninna, Okarma, Henryk, Tokarska, Malgorzata, Turvey, Samuel T, Wójcik, Jan M, Zyla, Waldemar, Szymura, Jacek M, Hofreiter, Michael, Barlow, Axel
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Oxford University Press 01-03-2017
Subjects:
Animals
Animals, Domestic - genetics
Biological Evolution
Bison - genetics
Breeding
Cattle
Discoveries
DNA, Ancient - analysis
DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics
Extinction, Biological
Gene Flow - genetics
Genetic Variation
Genomics - methods
Hybridization, Genetic - genetics
Phylogeny
Sequence Analysis, DNA - methods
aurochs
Bison bonasus
admixture
domestic cattle
European bison
ancient DNA
hybridization
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Summary:Retracing complex population processes that precede extreme bottlenecks may be impossible using data from living individuals. The wisent (Bison bonasus), Europe's largest terrestrial mammal, exemplifies such a population history, having gone extinct in the wild but subsequently restored by captive breeding efforts. Using low coverage genomic data from modern and historical individuals, we investigate population processes occurring before and after this extinction. Analysis of aligned genomes supports the division of wisent into two previously recognized subspecies, but almost half of the genomic alignment contradicts this population history as a result of incomplete lineage sorting and admixture. Admixture between subspecies populations occurred prior to extinction and subsequently during the captive breeding program. Admixture with the Bos cattle lineage is also widespread but results from ancient events rather than recent hybridization with domestics. Our study demonstrates the huge potential of historical genomes for both studying evolutionary histories and for guiding conservation strategies.
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ISSN:0737-4038
1537-1719
DOI:10.1093/molbev/msw254