Gibberella Ear Rot of Maize (Zea mays) in Nepal: Distribution of the Mycotoxins Nivalenol and Deoxynivalenol in Naturally and Experimentally Infected Maize

The fungus Fusarium graminearum (sexual stage Gibberella zeae) causes ear rot of maize (Zea mays) and contamination with the 8-ketotrichothecenes nivalenol (1) or 4-deoxynivalenol (2), depending on diversity of the fungal population for the 4-oxygenase gene (TRI13). To determine the importance of 1...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol. 56; no. 13; pp. 5428 - 5436
Main Authors:	Desjardins, Anne E, Busman, Mark, Manandhar, Gyanu, Jarosz, Andrew M, Manandhar, Hira K, Proctor, Robert H
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC American Chemical Society 09-07-2008
Subjects:	Biological and medical sciences Cereal and baking product industries corn deoxynivalenol ear rot Food industries Food toxicology Fruit - microbiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology fungal diseases of plants Fungal Proteins - genetics Fungal Proteins - metabolism Fusarium - chemistry Fusarium - classification Fusarium - genetics Fusarium - metabolism Fusarium graminearum Gibberella zeae Gibberellaear rot maize microbial contamination Mycotoxins - chemistry Mycotoxins - metabolism Nepal nivalenol Oxygenases - genetics Oxygenases - metabolism Phylogeny Plant Diseases - microbiology Toxicology in Agriculture and Food Trichothecenes - chemistry Trichothecenes - metabolism United States Zea mays Zea mays - microbiology Nepal deoxynivalenol Fusarium graminearum Gibberella ear rot nivalenol maize Nepal Monocotyledones Zea mays Plant pathogen Mycotoxin Vomitoxin Corn Fungi Nivalenol Toxin Gramineae Rot Angiospermae Distribution Cereal Spermatophyta Fungi Imperfecti
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Summary:	The fungus Fusarium graminearum (sexual stage Gibberella zeae) causes ear rot of maize (Zea mays) and contamination with the 8-ketotrichothecenes nivalenol (1) or 4-deoxynivalenol (2), depending on diversity of the fungal population for the 4-oxygenase gene (TRI13). To determine the importance of 1 and 2 in maize ear rot, a survey of naturally contaminated maize in Nepal was combined with experiments in the field and in a plant growth room. In the survey, 1 contamination was 4-fold more frequent than 2 contamination and 1-producers (TRI13) were isolated more than twice as frequently as 2-producers (ΨTRI13). In maize ear rot experiments, genetically diverse 1-producers and 2-producers caused ear rot and trichothecene contamination. Among strains with the same genetic background, however, 1-producers caused less ear rot and trichothecene contamination than did 2-producers. The high frequency of 1 contamination and the high virulence of many 1-producers are of concern because maize is a staple food of rural populations in Nepal and because 1 has proven to be more toxic than 2 to animals.
Bibliography:	http://hdl.handle.net/10113/18320 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf8003702 Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. istex:1743C8349B6AA89805EC948D3BB1B923187D405A ark:/67375/TPS-86SXDW8H-7 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0021-8561 1520-5118
DOI:	10.1021/jf8003702