Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in canine population and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks from southern Metro Manila and Laguna, Philippines

The tropical climate of the Philippines and the high population of dogs, particularly in cities, favors the life-cycle of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato), a vector of several canine tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) including zoonotic Rickettsia spp. Suspected cases of infections...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Parasites & vectors Vol. 11; no. 1; p. 643
Main Authors:	Galay, Remil L, Manalo, Anna Angelica L, Dolores, Sidney Lyndon D, Aguilar, Irene Pearl M, Sandalo, Kristina Andrea C, Cruz, Kathlyn B, Divina, Billy P, Andoh, Masako, Masatani, Tatsunori, Tanaka, Tetsuya
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 17-12-2018 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Anaplasma Anaplasma - genetics Anaplasma - isolation & purification Anemia Animals Arachnid Vectors - microbiology Arachnid Vectors - parasitology Arachnids Babesia Babesia - genetics Babesia - isolation & purification Blood Canine tick-borne pathogens Causes of Detection DNA Dog Diseases - epidemiology Dog Diseases - microbiology Dog Diseases - parasitology Dogs Ehrlichia Ehrlichia - genetics Ehrlichia - isolation & purification Ehrlichia canis Ehrlichia canis - genetics Ehrlichia canis - isolation & purification Epidemiology Female Fever Health aspects Hepatozoon Identification and classification Infections Ixodida Male Nucleotide sequence Parasites Pathogens PCR Philippines Philippines - epidemiology Phylogenetics Polymerase chain reaction Population Primers Reptiles & amphibians Rhipicephalus sanguineus Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) Rhipicephalus sanguineus - microbiology Rhipicephalus sanguineus - parasitology Rickettsia Rickettsia - genetics Rickettsia - isolation & purification Rickettsiae Southeast Asia Tick-borne diseases Tick-Borne Diseases - epidemiology Tick-Borne Diseases - microbiology Tick-Borne Diseases - parasitology Tick-Borne Diseases - veterinary Ticks Tropical climate Vectors (Biology) Veterinary medicine Zoonoses Philippines Southeast Asia Japan Southeast Asia Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) Canine tick-borne pathogens Philippines
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Summary:	The tropical climate of the Philippines and the high population of dogs, particularly in cities, favors the life-cycle of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato), a vector of several canine tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) including zoonotic Rickettsia spp. Suspected cases of infections are commonly encountered in veterinary clinics, but the specific TBPs are rarely identified. Furthermore, infection with Rickettsia is not being clinically examined in dogs. In this study, the occurrence of TBPs in blood and ticks collected from household and impounded dogs in highly populated areas of the Philippines, Metro Manila, and the nearby province of Laguna, was examined. A total of 248 blood samples and 157 tick samples were subjected to PCR. First, samples were screened using primers for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. and Babesia/Hepatozoon spp. Those that turned positive were further subjected to species-specific PCR. Rickettsia spp. were also detected through a nested PCR. Of the 248 blood samples, 56 (22.6%) were positive for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., while 19 (7.6%) were positive for Babesia/Hepatozoon spp. Species-specific PCR revealed that 61 (23.4%) had a single TBP, with Ehrlichia canis being detected in 39 (15.7%) dogs, while 14 (5.6%) dogs were positive for different combinations of two to four TBPs. Rickettsia infection was detected in 6 (2.4%) dogs. In tick samples, 8 (3.2%) were positive for Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp., while only 1 (0.63%) was positive for Babesia/Hepatozoon spp. As in the blood samples, E. canis was the most detected, being found in 5 (2%) samples. No tick samples tested positive for Rickettsia spp. Ehrlichia canis is the most common TBP affecting dogs in the Philippines. Co-infection with TBPs is quite common, hence testing for multiple TBPs is necessary. Through nested PCR, Rickettsia infection was detected in dogs, and to the authors' knowledge, this study provides the first molecular evidence of Rickettsia infection in dogs in the Philippines.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1756-3305 1756-3305
DOI:	10.1186/s13071-018-3192-y