Dynamic evolution of peste des petits ruminants virus in sheep and goat hosts across India reveals the swift surge of F gene

Dynamic evolution of peste des petits ruminants virus in sheep and goat hosts across India reveals the swift surge of F gene

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), an acute febrile viral disease impacting goats and sheep flocks, manifests with pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharges, necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, pneumonia, and enteritis. The disease-instigating agent, PPR virus, pertains to the Morbillivirus c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Virusdisease Vol. 35; no. 3; pp. 505 - 519
Main Authors: Ramesh, Varsha, Suresh, Kuralayanapalya P., Mambully, Shijili, Rani, Swati, Ojha, Rakshit, Kumar, Kirubakaran V., Balamurugan, Vinayagamurthy
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New Delhi Springer India 01-09-2024
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Bias
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cell Biology
Codon bias
Coevolution
Disease control
Enteritis
Epidemics
Evolution & development
Evolutionary genetics
Eye diseases
Fever
Genes
Genetic engineering
Genomes
Goats
Life Sciences
Measles
Microbiology
Morbidity
Natural selection
Original Article
Peste des petits ruminants
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Protein Structure
Proteins
Sheep
Software
Stomatitis
Vaccine development
Viral diseases
Viruses
Asia
Africa
India
Evolutionary rate
PPRV
Codon usage bias
Phylogeny
N and F gene
India
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Summary:Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), an acute febrile viral disease impacting goats and sheep flocks, manifests with pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharges, necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, pneumonia, and enteritis. The disease-instigating agent, PPR virus, pertains to the Morbillivirus caprinae genus in the Paramyxoviridae family. The endemic presence of PPR in India results in notable economic losses due to heightened mortality and morbidity in infected animals. Understanding viral pathogen evolution is pivotal for delineating their emergence in diverse environments. This study explores the molecular evolutionary patterns of PPRV, concentrating on the N and F structural genes isolated from Indian sheep and goats. Analyzing evolutionary rate, phylogenetics, selection pressure, and codon usage bias, we determined the time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) as 1984, 1973, 2000, and 2004 for goat and sheep’s N and F genes, respectively, with evolutionary rates ranging from 2.859 x 10 3 to 4.995 x 10 4 . The F-gene is found to exhibit a faster evolution than the N-gene, indicating apparent virus transmission across the regions of India, as supported by phylogenetic analysis. Codon usage bias examination, incorporating nucleotide composition and various plots (effective number of codon plot, parity plot, neutrality plot), suggests the evolution in India influenced by both natural selection and mutational pressure, resulting in alterations in the virus’s codon bias. The integrated analysis underscores the significant role of selection pressures, implying PPRV’s co-evolution and adaptations influenced by various genes. Insights from this study can guide effective disease control and vaccine development, aiding in managing PPR outbreaks in India and beyond.
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ISSN:2347-3584
2347-3517
DOI:10.1007/s13337-024-00890-x