Options in Targeted Therapy for Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma: A 2024 Update

Bile duct carcinomas have a different prognosis and genetic profile depending on their location; intrahepatic/extrahepatic or at the level of the gallbladder. Although in recent years there have been important advances in first-line therapy, second-line therapy in cholangiocarcinoma does not current...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 16; no. 5; p. e59793
Main Authors:	Oprescu Macovei, Anca Monica, Venter, Dana Paula, Makkai, Gratiella Georgiana, Valcea, Sebastian, Venter, Mircea Dan, Tulin, Adrian, Stefan, Mihai, Constantin, Oprescu
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Cureus Inc 07-05-2024 Cureus
Subjects:	Asian people Bile ducts Biomarkers Cancer therapies Chemotherapy Cholangiocarcinoma Cyclin-dependent kinases Dehydrogenases DNA repair Epidermal growth factor Fibroblasts Gallbladder Gastroenterology Genes Genetics Immunotherapy Internal Medicine Kinases Medical prognosis Mutation Sarcoma Tumors Thailand cancer medicine genetics gastroenterology oncology
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Summary:	Bile duct carcinomas have a different prognosis and genetic profile depending on their location; intrahepatic/extrahepatic or at the level of the gallbladder. Although in recent years there have been important advances in first-line therapy, second-line therapy in cholangiocarcinoma does not currently have a standard. Therefore at this level, there is an acute need for personalized treatment. The present article is a narrative review that aims to list the newest targeted therapeutic options for this type of cancer, based on identified genetic alterations. The literature selected for analysis includes phase 2 or 3 studies with targeted therapy in this disease and original articles no older than three years that describe the prevalence of the most common gene alterations in this type of cancer. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Clarivate-Web of Science databases were searched and keywords such as "cholangiocarcinoma," "biliary cancer," "targeted therapy," "gene amplifications," and "mutations" were used. This narrative review was designed taking into account the SANRA (Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles) criteria. The conclusions lead to the fact that next-generation sequencing testing is of particular usefulness in cholangiocarcinoma. Bile duct cancers are rich in targetable genetic alterations, and their treatment is in constant change, although much of the current data comes from phase II studies. There is a great need for the current options to be analyzed in phase III studies. Hence, the need of the oncological community to stay informed about targeted treatment options for cholangiocarcinoma is supported by the present article.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	2168-8184 2168-8184
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.59793