Optimization process of organic matter removal from wastewater by using Eichhornia crassipes

This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for organic matter removal from wastewater by Eichhornia crassipes (E.C). As a matter of fact, a complete factorial design was used to determine the effect of residence time ( X 1 ), plant density ( X 2 ) and initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 25; no. 29; pp. 29219 - 29226
Main Authors:	Mahunon, Sènandémi Edwige Reine, Aina, Martin Pépin, Akowanou, Akuemaho Virgile Onésime, Kouassi, Edmond Konan, Yao, Benjamin Kouassi, Adouby, Kopoin, Drogui, Patrick
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-10-2018 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Aquatic plants Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Biodegradation, Environmental Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis Chemical oxygen demand Cote d'Ivoire Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Eichhornia - metabolism Eichhornia crassipes Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Experiments Factorial design Optimization Organic chemistry Organic loading Organic matter Phytoremediation Planting density Pollutants Ponds Ponds - analysis Population Density Research Article Residential density Sanitation Statistics Time Factors Urban areas Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods Waste Water - analysis Waste Water Technology Wastewater Wastewater treatment Water Management Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism Water Pollution Control Water treatment Cote d'Ivoire Multi-response optimization Phytoremediation Eichhornia crassipes
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Summary:	This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for organic matter removal from wastewater by Eichhornia crassipes (E.C). As a matter of fact, a complete factorial design was used to determine the effect of residence time ( X 1 ), plant density ( X 2 ) and initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration ( X 3 ) on the phytoremediation process. The process’s performance was measured on COD ( Y 1 ), NH 4 + ( Y 2 ) and PO 4 3− ( Y 3 ), with the results indicating a reduction of 8.59–81.71% of COD ( Y 1 ); 22.53–95.81% of NH 4 + ( Y 2 ) and 0.54–99.35% of PO 4 3− ( Y 3 ). Then, the first-order models obtained for COD, NH 4 + and PO 4 3− removal were validated using different statistical approaches such as statistical and experimental validation. Moreover, multi-response optimization was carried out through different scenarios. On the whole, the results obtained indicated that two serial ponds are required for an optimum organic matter removal by Eichhornia crassipes . Indeed, for the first pond, a residence time of 15 days is needed with a plant density of 60 ft/m 2 and an initial concentration of about 944 mg/L. The second was the same residence time as the first with similar plant density of 60 ft/m 2 and an initial load 192 mg/L (> 200 mg/L). Optimal organic matter removal from wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes requires two ponds arranged in chain.
ISSN:	0944-1344 1614-7499
DOI:	10.1007/s11356-018-2771-y