High Fat Diet Affects Reproductive Functions in Female Diet-Induced Obese and Dietary Resistant Rats

The incidence of ovulatory disorders is common in obese animal models. The mechanism behind this effect is unclear. We hypothesised that a high‐fat (HF) diet induces alterations in neuroendocrine mechanisms resulting in anovulation in diet‐induced obese (DIO) animals. Adult female DIO and diet‐resis...

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Published in:	Journal of neuroendocrinology Vol. 24; no. 5; pp. 748 - 755
Main Authors:	Balasubramanian, P., Jagannathan, L., Mahaley, Rochell E, Subramanian, M., Gilbreath, E. T., MohanKumar, P. S., MohanKumar, S. M. J.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-05-2012 Blackwell
Subjects:	Animal models Animals Biological and medical sciences Blood Body weight Body Weight - drug effects Body Weight - physiology Brain Calories Catheters Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects Dietary Fats - adverse effects Dietary Fats - pharmacology Diets Disease Resistance - drug effects Estradiol - blood Estrous Cycle - drug effects Estrous Cycle - physiology Estrus Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genotypes High fat diet High-performance liquid chromatography Hormones Hypothalamus Hypothalamus - chemistry Hypothalamus - drug effects Hypothalamus - metabolism Leptin Leptin - blood Luteinizing hormone Medical sciences Metabolic diseases Norepinephrine Norepinephrine - analysis Norepinephrine - metabolism Obesity Obesity - etiology Obesity - physiopathology oestradiol oestrous cycles Ovaries Ovary - anatomy & histology Ovary - drug effects Rats Reproduction - drug effects Thinness - etiology Thinness - physiopathology Vertebrates: endocrinology Obesity Rat Estrogen Rodentia Nutrition disorder oestradiol Adipokine Catecholamine Estradiol Ovarian hormone Feeding oestrous cycles Vertebrata Mammalia Diet Animal Leptin Neurotransmitter Female Norepinephrine Estrous cycle Sex steroid hormone Nutritional status
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Summary:	The incidence of ovulatory disorders is common in obese animal models. The mechanism behind this effect is unclear. We hypothesised that a high‐fat (HF) diet induces alterations in neuroendocrine mechanisms resulting in anovulation in diet‐induced obese (DIO) animals. Adult female DIO and diet‐resistant (DR) rats were fed either chow or a HF diet (45% calories from fat) for 6 weeks. Oestrous cyclicity and body weight were monitored regularly. At the end of treatment, rats were implanted with a jugular catheter to monitor luteinising hormone (LH) levels on the day of pro‐oestrous. Rats were sacrificed on the next pro‐oestrous, and their brains and ovaries were collected. Plasma from trunk blood was analysed for oestradiol and leptin concentrations. Ovaries were fixed and sectioned for histological analysis. Brains were removed, frozen and sectioned, and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in discrete hypothalamic areas were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. A HF diet exposure affected oestrous cyclicity in both DIO and DR rats, with the effect being more pronounced in DIO animals. HF diet exposure increased leptin levels in both DIO and DR rats. Oestradiol levels were low in the DIO‐HF group. NE levels in the hypothalamus were unaffected by HF diet or genotype. A normal LH surge was observed in DR‐Chow rats and LH levels were low in the remaining groups. These results lead to the conclusion that DIO rats have an inherently reduced reproductive capacity and exposure to a HF diet decreases it further. A reduction in oestradiol and LH surge levels could contribute to this effect; however, the underlying mechanisms need to be investigated further.
Bibliography:	ArticleID:JNE2276 istex:8188B41039F7F878DB9F184858C02797490EC697 ark:/67375/WNG-S5XZLFKG-3 ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0953-8194 1365-2826
DOI:	10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02276.x