Emergence of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Poultry in Botswana

Numerous outbreaks of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) were reported during 2020-2021. In Africa, H5Nx has been detected in Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Senegal, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa in both wild birds and poultry. Botswana reported its first outbreak of HPAI to the World Orga...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Viruses Vol. 14; no. 12; p. 2601
Main Authors:	Letsholo, Samantha L, James, Joe, Meyer, Stephanie M, Byrne, Alexander M P, Reid, Scott M, Settypalli, Tirumala B K, Datta, Sneha, Oarabile, Letlhogile, Kemolatlhe, Obakeng, Pebe, Kgakgamatso T, Mafonko, Bruce R, Kgotlele, Tebogo J, Kumile, Kago, Modise, Boitumelo, Thanda, Carter, Nyange, John F C, Marobela-Raborokgwe, Chandapiwa, Cattoli, Giovanni, Lamien, Charles E, Brown, Ian H, Dundon, William G, Banyard, Ashley C
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 22-11-2022 MDPI
Subjects:	Animals Animals, Wild Avian flu Avian influenza Bacteria, Pathogenic Botswana - epidemiology Chickens Communication Diagnosis doves Exo-a-sialidase fish eagle Food security Genomes H5N1 Health aspects Hemagglutinins high-pathogenicity high-pathogenicity avian influenza Influenza A virus Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype Influenza in Birds - epidemiology National parks Nucleotide sequence Outbreaks Pathogenicity Phylogenetics Phylogeny Poultry Poultry Diseases - epidemiology Public health Risk factors Sequence analysis Tourism Virulence Viruses Botswana South Africa United States > US Lesotho Okavango Delta mass mortality H5N1 poultry high-pathogenicity avian influenza fish eagle doves high-pathogenicity
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Summary:	Numerous outbreaks of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) were reported during 2020-2021. In Africa, H5Nx has been detected in Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Senegal, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa in both wild birds and poultry. Botswana reported its first outbreak of HPAI to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) in 2021. An H5N1 virus was detected in a fish eagle, doves, and chickens. Full genome sequence analysis revealed that the virus belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and showed high identity within haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase proteins (NA) for viruses identified across a geographically broad range of locations. The detection of H5N1 in Botswana has important implications for disease management, wild bird conservation, tourism, public health, economic empowerment of vulnerable communities and food security in the region.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1999-4915 1999-4915
DOI:	10.3390/v14122601