Inconsistency of Fetal Trophoblast Cells in First Trimester Maternal Peripheral Blood Prevents Non-invasive Fetal Testing Using this Cell Target

We have investigated whether maternal peripheral blood from the first trimester of pregnancy is a reliable source of identifiable trophoblast cells. The cells were enriched from 30ml of venous blood, with multiple antibodies shown previously to enrich trophoblasts and a new cocktail based on known t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Placenta (Eastbourne) Vol. 22; no. 8-9; pp. 702 - 715
Main Authors:	Schueler, P.A., Yamanishi, D.T., Pearson, J., Lee, Y., Wu, X., Hashima, S., Madlansacay, M.R., Cain, C.A., Collarini, E.J., Foltz, L., Mahoney, W.
Format:	Journal Article Conference Proceeding
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2001 Elsevier
Subjects:	Antibodies Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors Biological and medical sciences Blood Cells - cytology Breast Neoplasms Cell Separation DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fungal Proteins - genetics Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit - genetics Humans Immunohistochemistry In Situ Hybridization Insulin-Like Growth Factor II - analysis Insulin-Like Growth Factor II - genetics Keratins - analysis Leukocytes Magnetics Microtubule-Associated Proteins - genetics Molecular Motor Proteins Mother. Fetoplacental unit. Mammary gland. Milk Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - analysis Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - genetics Pregnancy Pregnancy Trimester, First Pregnancy. Parturition. Lactation Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor - immunology RNA, Messenger - analysis Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins Transcription Factors Trophoblasts - chemistry Trophoblasts - cytology Tumor Cells, Cultured Vertebrates: reproduction Human Trophoblaste Cytokeratin Cell line Fetal membrane Immunocytochemistry Fluorescence in situ hybridization Female Early pregnancy Diagnosis
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Summary:	We have investigated whether maternal peripheral blood from the first trimester of pregnancy is a reliable source of identifiable trophoblast cells. The cells were enriched from 30ml of venous blood, with multiple antibodies shown previously to enrich trophoblasts and a new cocktail based on known trophoblast surface features. Three different magnetic solid phases were tested to enrich trophoblasts, and both positive and negative cell enrichment strategies were examined. The cells were identified as trophoblast by morphology coupled with immunocytochemistry to co-localize cytokeratin with one of three IGF-II, PAI-1 or hPLH proteins or by in-situ hybridization with a mixture of 50 oligos directed to eight different expressed genes, α-HCG, IGF-II, PAI-1, HASH2, hPLH, p57KIP2, PP5, H-19. While these tools worked beautifully in chorionic villi cell/sprout preparations and tissue sections, we could not detect and identify any trophoblasts in maternal peripheral blood even if the maternal peripheral blood was drawn 5–20min following termination of pregnancy or from individuals maintaining the pregnancy. Based on our own experience and that of some reports in the literature, trophoblasts do not appear to be a viable candidate for fetal screening using maternal peripheral blood as the source. It is important to note that while trophoblast deportation is a biological phenomenon that has been described repeatable, they do not provide a means to perform prenatal genetic diagnosis.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0143-4004 1532-3102
DOI:	10.1053/plac.2001.0704