Association of macular pigment optical density with retinal layer thicknesses in eyes with and without manifest primary open-angle glaucoma

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between baseline macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and retinal layer thicknesses in eyes with and without manifest primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (CAREDS2).Methods and analysisMPOD was measured at CAR...

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Published in:	BMJ open ophthalmology Vol. 8; no. 1; p. e001331
Main Authors:	Lawler, Thomas, Mares, J A, Liu, Zhe, Thuruthumaly, Catherine, Etheridge, Tyler, Vajaranant, Thasarat S, Domalpally, Amitha, Hammond, Billy R, Wallace, Robert B, Tinker, Lesley F, Nalbandyan, Marine, Klein, Barbara E K, Liu, Yao, Mares, Julie, Blodi, Barbara, Engelman, Corinne, Gangnon, Ronald, Sarto, Gloria, Bailey, Steven, LeBlanc, Erin, Gehrs, Karen, Robinson, Jennifer, Tinker, Lesley, Max Snodderly, D, Hammond, Randy, Millen, Amy, Wooten, Bill, Johnson, Elizabeth, Portland, Jennifer Maykoski, Lundquist, Ann, Madison, Chris Smith, Wood, Kim, Raymond, Jennie Perry, City, Iowa, Stockman, Heather, Walshire, Jean, Sinkey, Christine, Blomme, Courtney, Hall, Kristen, Pauk, Diane, Mezhibovsky, Esther, Christensen, Krista, Bethesda, Jacques Rossouw, Ludlam, Shari, McGowan, Joan, Ford, Leslie, Geller, Nancy, Seattle, Garnet Anderson, Prentice, Ross, LaCroix, Andrea, Kooperberg, Charles, Manson, JoAnn E, Howard, Barbara V, Stefanick, Marcia L, Columbus, Rebecca Jackson, Phoenix, Tucson, Thomson, Cynthia A, Wende, Jean Wactawski, Jacksonville, Gainesville, Pittsburgh, Lewis Kuller, Winston-Salem, Sally Shumaker, Reno, Robert Brunner, Winston-Salem, Mark Espeland
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 01-10-2023 BMJ Publishing Group LTD BMJ Publishing Group
Series:	Original research
Subjects:	Carotenoids epidemiology Glaucoma Glaucoma, Open-Angle - diagnostic imaging Humans imaging Intraocular Pressure Macula Lutea - diagnostic imaging Macular degeneration Macular Pigment optic nerve Questionnaires retina Retinal Ganglion Cells Software Tomography Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods Womens health United States > US Wisconsin epidemiology retina imaging optic nerve glaucoma
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Summary:	ObjectiveTo investigate associations between baseline macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and retinal layer thicknesses in eyes with and without manifest primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (CAREDS2).Methods and analysisMPOD was measured at CAREDS baseline (2001–2004) via heterochromatic flicker photometry (0.5° from foveal centre). Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), macular ganglion cell complex (GCC), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and RNFL thicknesses were measured at CAREDS2 (2016–2019) via spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Associations between MPOD and retinal thickness were assessed using multivariable linear regression.ResultsAmong 742 eyes (379 participants), manifest POAG was identified in 50 eyes (32 participants). In eyes without manifest POAG, MPOD was positively associated with macular GCC, GCL and IPL thicknesses in the central subfield (P-trend ≤0.01), but not the inner or outer subfields. Among eyes with manifest POAG, MPOD was positively associated with macular GCC, GCL, IPL and RNFL in the central subfield (P-trend ≤0.03), but not the inner or outer subfields, and was positively associated with peripapillary RNFL thickness in the superior and temporal quadrants (P-trend≤0.006).ConclusionWe observed a positive association between MPOD and central subfield GCC thickness 15 years later. MPOD was positively associated with peripapillary RNFL superior and temporal quadrant thicknesses among eyes with manifest POAG. Our results linking low MPOD to retinal layers that are structural indicators of early glaucoma provide further evidence that carotenoids may be protective against manifest POAG.
Bibliography:	Original research ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2397-3269 2397-3269
DOI:	10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001331