Anti-inflammatory, Gastroprotective, Free-Radical-Scavenging, and Antimicrobial Activities of Hawthorn Berries Ethanol Extract

Hawthorn [Crataegus monogyna Jacq. and Crataegus oxyacantha L.; sin. Crataegus laevigata (Poiret) DC., Rosaceae] leaves, flowers, and berries are used in traditional medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure, high blood pressure, arrhythmia, and various digestive ailments, as well as geriat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol. 56; no. 17; pp. 7700 - 7709
Main Authors:	TADIC, Vanja M, DOBRIC, Silva, MARKOVIC, Goran M, DORDEVIC, Sofija M, ARSIC, Ivana A, MENKOVIC, Nebojsa R, STEVIC, Tanja
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC American Chemical Society 10-09-2008
Subjects:	Animals Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology anti-inflammatory activity Anti-Inflammatory Agents - administration & dosage anti-inflammotory effect antimicrobial activity antimicrobial properties Bioactive Constituents Biological and medical sciences Crataegus Crataegus - chemistry Crataegus monogynaJacq Crataegus oxyacanthaL Edema - drug therapy Ethanol flavonoids food analysis Food industries Food microbiology free radical scavengers Free Radical Scavengers - chemistry free-radical-scavenging activity Fruit - chemistry Fruit and vegetable industries fruit composition fruit extracts Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology gastoprotective activity Gastrointestinal Agents - administration & dosage gastroprotective effect Hawthorn berries hawthorn fruits Male medicinal plants phenol compounds Plant Extracts - administration & dosage Plant Extracts - chemistry protective effect Rats Rats, Wistar small fruits Stomach Ulcer - drug therapy traditional medicine anti-inflammotory effect phenol compounds Crataegus monogyna Jacq hawthorn fruits gastoprotective activity Crataegus oxyacantha L free-radical-scavenging activity antimicrobial activity flavonoids Ethanol Fruit Antiinflammatory agent Berry Extract Flavonoid Antimicrobial agent Free radical Polyphenol Phenol Phenols
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Summary:	Hawthorn [Crataegus monogyna Jacq. and Crataegus oxyacantha L.; sin. Crataegus laevigata (Poiret) DC., Rosaceae] leaves, flowers, and berries are used in traditional medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure, high blood pressure, arrhythmia, and various digestive ailments, as well as geriatric and antiarteriosclerosis remedies. According to European Pharmacopoeia 6.0, hawthorn berries consist of the dried false fruits of these two species or their mixture. The present study was carried out to test free-radical-scavenging, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract. Phenolic compounds represented 3.54%, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. Determination of total flavonoid aglycones content yielded 0.18%. The percentage of hyperoside, as the main flavonol component, was 0.14%. With respect to procyanidins content, the obtained value was 0.44%. DPPH radical-scavenging capacity of the extract was concentration-dependent, with EC50 value of 52.04 μg/mL (calculation based on the total phenolic compounds content in the extract). Oral administration of investigated extract caused dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect in a model of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The obtained anti-inflammatory effect was 20.8, 23.0, and 36.3% for the extract doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. In comparison to indomethacin, given in a dose producing 50% reduction of rat paw edema, the extract given in the highest tested dose (200 mg/kg) showed 72.4% of its activity. Gastroprotective activity of the extract was investigated using an ethanol-induced acute stress ulcer in rats with ranitidine as a reference drug. Hawthorn extract produced dose-dependent gastroprotective activity (3.8 ± 2.1, 1.9 ± 1.7, and 0.7 ± 0.5 for doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively), with the efficacy comparable to that of the reference drug. Antimicrobial testing of the extract revealed its moderate bactericidal activity, especially against Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus subtilis, and Lysteria monocytogenes, with no effect on Candida albicans. All active components identified in the extract might be responsible for activities observed.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf801668c The authors thank Serbian Ministry of Science and Technology for financial support, project TR-6937A. ark:/67375/TPS-92RVNJCD-8 istex:0F8AA8D69ABE1D462B6D5B04F5BEFE5C10CD131C ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0021-8561 1520-5118
DOI:	10.1021/jf801668c