Experimental observations of aquifer storage and recovery in brackish aquifers using multiple partially penetrating wells

Experimental observations of aquifer storage and recovery in brackish aquifers using multiple partially penetrating wells

Aquifer storage and recovery systems using multiple partially penetrating wells (MPPW-ASR) can form a viable solution to the problem of freshwater buoyancy when using brackish aquifers for freshwater storage. This study presents the result of a series of laboratory experiments that aimed at visualiz...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Hydrogeology journal Vol. 29; no. 5; pp. 1733 - 1748
Main Authors: Witt, Lilli, Müller, Moritz J., Gröschke, Maike, Post, Vincent E. A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-08-2021
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Aquatic Pollution
Aquifer models
Aquifer storage
Aquifer systems
Aquifers
Beads
Brackish water
Buffer zones
Buoyancy
Design criteria
Dyes
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Fresh water
Freshwater
Geology
Geophysics/Geodesy
Glass beads
Gravitational instability
Gravity
Hydrogeology
Hydrology/Water Resources
Inland water environment
Laboratory experiments
Mathematical models
Numerical models
Partially penetrating wells
Recovery
Three dimensional flow
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
Water Quality/Water Pollution
Artificial recharge
Multiple partially penetrating wells
Numerical modelling
Salt-water/fresh-water relations
Laboratory experiments/measurements
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Summary:Aquifer storage and recovery systems using multiple partially penetrating wells (MPPW-ASR) can form a viable solution to the problem of freshwater buoyancy when using brackish aquifers for freshwater storage. This study presents the result of a series of laboratory experiments that aimed at visualizing the shape of freshwater bodies injected into a brackish aquifer and determining the effect on the recovery efficiency (RE) of several MPPW-ASR operational variables. A model aquifer was built in a Plexiglas tank using glass beads and water was injected and abstracted through point and vertical wells, which were operated in various combinations. Numerical models were used to support the interpretation of the time-lapse photographs, and showed that three-dimensional flow effects had to be considered for a correct interpretation of the visible dye patterns. Upward migration of both fresh (during injection) and brackish water (during recovery) along the vertical wells was observed, indicating that the role of well infrastructure as conduits is a critical design criterion for real-world systems. Gravitational instabilities formed when freshwater did not extend all the way to the top of the aquifer, and this negatively impacted the RE by causing greater mixing. The positive freshwater buoyancy led to freshwater bodies that became narrower with depth, and the formation of thin, elongated buffer zones along the aquifer top in multicycle experiments. Up-coning below abstraction wells resulted in lower RE values, reinforcing the potential of scavenger wells to enhance MPPW-ASR system performance.
ISSN:1431-2174
1435-0157
DOI:10.1007/s10040-021-02347-7