Aerosol emissions of a ship diesel engine operated with diesel fuel or heavy fuel oil

Gaseous and particulate emissions from a ship diesel research engine were elaborately analysed by a large assembly of measurement techniques. Applied methods comprised of offline and online approaches, yielding averaged chemical and physical data as well as time-resolved trends of combustion by-prod...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 24; no. 12; pp. 10976 - 10991
Main Authors:	Streibel, Thorsten, Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen, Czech, Hendryk, Harndorf, Horst, Jakobi, Gert, Jokiniemi, Jorma, Karg, Erwin, Lintelmann, Jutta, Matuschek, Georg, Michalke, Bernhard, Müller, Laarnie, Orasche, Jürgen, Passig, Johannes, Radischat, Christian, Rabe, Rom, Reda, Ahmed, Rüger, Christopher, Schwemer, Theo, Sippula, Olli, Stengel, Benjamin, Sklorz, Martin, Torvela, Tiina, Weggler, Benedikt, Zimmermann, Ralf
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-04-2017 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Aerosols Air Pollutants - analysis Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Diesel Diesel engines Diesel fuels Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Emissions Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental effects Environmental Health Environmental science Fuel Oils Gasoline Humans Internet Lungs Marine engines Marine propulsion Measurement methods Measurement techniques Natural gas Particulate emissions Particulate Matter Recent Advances in Chemistry and the Environment Ships Sulfur Switching Vehicle Emissions - analysis Volatility Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Particulate matter Emission aerosol Ship diesel engine Elemental carbon Heavy fuel oil Organic trace compounds Heavy metals Online measurement
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Summary:	Gaseous and particulate emissions from a ship diesel research engine were elaborately analysed by a large assembly of measurement techniques. Applied methods comprised of offline and online approaches, yielding averaged chemical and physical data as well as time-resolved trends of combustion by-products. The engine was driven by two different fuels, a commonly used heavy fuel oil (HFO) and a standardised diesel fuel (DF). It was operated in a standardised cycle with a duration of 2 h. Chemical characterisation of organic species and elements revealed higher concentrations as well as a larger number of detected compounds for HFO operation for both gas phase and particulate matter. A noteworthy exception was the concentration of elemental carbon, which was higher in DF exhaust aerosol. This may prove crucial for the assessment and interpretation of biological response and impact via the exposure of human lung cell cultures, which was carried out in parallel to this study. Offline and online data hinted at the fact that most organic species in the aerosol are transferred from the fuel as unburned material. This is especially distinctive at low power operation of HFO, where low volatility structures are converted to the particulate phase. The results of this study give rise to the conclusion that a mere switching to sulphur-free fuel is not sufficient as remediation measure to reduce health and environmental effects of ship emissions.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0944-1344 1614-7499
DOI:	10.1007/s11356-016-6724-z