Unveiling respiratory health risks: PCDD/Fs adhering to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai, Vietnam

Unveiling respiratory health risks: PCDD/Fs adhering to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai, Vietnam

•Inhalable particulate matter concentration levels in Bien Hoa City exceed WHO guidelines.•Fine particles dominance signals worsen air quality, posing health risks.•Several PCDD/Fs congeners exhibit higher concentration levels in PM2.5 compared to PM10.•Octachlorodibenzodioxin (OCDD) prevails in PCD...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental advances Vol. 17; p. 100560
Main Authors: Tuan, Nguyen Thanh, Le, Hoang Anh, Linh, Bui Duy, Chi, Nguyen Doan Thien, Thang, Nguyen Duc, Ly, Nguyen Thi Thu, Thu, Nguyen Thi, Huyen, Pham Thu
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-10-2024
Elsevier
Subjects:
Agent Orange
Air base
Health risks
PCDD/Fs
PM2.5
Vietnam
Vietnam
Agent Orange
Air base
PCDD/Fs
PM2.5
Health risks
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Summary:•Inhalable particulate matter concentration levels in Bien Hoa City exceed WHO guidelines.•Fine particles dominance signals worsen air quality, posing health risks.•Several PCDD/Fs congeners exhibit higher concentration levels in PM2.5 compared to PM10.•Octachlorodibenzodioxin (OCDD) prevails in PCDD/Fs concentration levels.•Significant cancer risk from PM2.5 exposure to PCDD/Fs. This study investigates the concentrations of atmospheric aerosol particles (PM, including PM2.5 and PM10), as well as the presence and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in ambient air in Bien Hoa City (Dong Nai province, Vietnam) during the dry and rainy seasons in 2023. The concentrations of 7 PCDDs and 10 PCDFs congeners in PM10 or PM2.5 were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 were 54.7 ± 9.4 µg/m3, 65.3 ± 7.6 µg/m3, and 39.6 ± 7.9 µg/m3, 58.9 ± 12.6 µg/m3, in the rainy season and dry season, respectively. This reveals that while only PM2.5 concentration levels in the dry seasonexceed national ambient air quality standards, but all of PM2.5 concentration levels consistently exceeded WHO guidelines. The study highlights the dominance of PM2.5 and its adverse health implications, as evidenced by the PM2.5/PM10 ratio (0.74 and 0.85 for the rainy and dry seasons, respectively) and its association with worse air quality. Analysis of PCDD/Fs concentrations in PM samples demonstrates their comparable levels in both seasons, with OCDD being the most abundant species. Furthermore, the study estimates the toxic equivalency (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs and assesses health risks, revealing a potentially high cancer risk from exposure to these pollutants, particularly PM2.5 under WHO2005-TEQ. Several PCDD/Fs- WHO2005-TEQ congeners exhibit higher concentration levels in PM2.5 compared to PM10, suggesting differential particulate matter dynamics and potential environmental implications. These findings underscore the urgent need for mitigation strategies to alleviate air pollution and reduce associated health risks in the dioxin hotspot of Vietnam. [Display omitted]
ISSN:2666-7657
2666-7657
DOI:10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100560