Behavioral responses of Diaphorina citri to host plant volatiles in multiple-choice olfactometers are affected in interpretable ways by effects of background colors and airflows

In several phytophagous hemipterans, behavior appears to be mediated by both visual and chemical cues. For the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae), olfactometric assays are generally difficult to interpret owing to the low proportion of individuals responding to odors (...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one Vol. 15; no. 7; p. e0235630
Main Authors:	Volpe, Haroldo Xavier Linhares, Zanardi, Odimar Zanuzo, Magnani, Rodrigo Facchini, Luvizotto, Rejane Angélica Grigio, Esperança, Victoria, Freitas, Renato de, Delfino, Jennifer Yslaine, Mulinari, Tatiana Aparecida, Carvalho, Rômulo Igor de, Wulff, Nelson Arno, Miranda, Marcelo Pedreira de, Peña, Leandro
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	San Francisco Public Library of Science 06-07-2020 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Air flow Allelochemicals Arthropods Assaying Behavior Biological research Biology and Life Sciences Chemical analysis Chemical properties Chemical stimuli Citrus Citrus fruits Citrus sinensis Diaphorina citri Diseases and pests Engineering and Technology Exposure Females Foraging behavior Headspace Hemiptera Hemipterans Host plants Insect pests Insect-plant relationships Insects Light Methods Odors Olfactometers Olfactory discrimination Olfactory discrimination learning Organic compounds Physical Sciences R&D Research & development Social Sciences Visual discrimination Visual stimuli VOCs Volatile compounds Volatile organic compounds Volatiles Brazil
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Description
Summary:	In several phytophagous hemipterans, behavior appears to be mediated by both visual and chemical cues. For the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae), olfactometric assays are generally difficult to interpret owing to the low proportion of individuals responding to odors (~30-40%), which compromises the efficiency and reliability of the results of behavioral tests. In the present study, the ACP behavioral response to emitted odors from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) flushes in a 4-arm olfactometer using different colors (four white-, two white- and two yellow- on opposite sides, or four yellow-colored fields), and the role of the airflow in the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were assessed at two airflows [0.4 and 0.1 L/min (LPM)]. Exposure to 'Pera' sweet orange or clean air in treatments with four yellow-colored-fields increased the response rate of ACP females to the odor sources compared with exposure to 'Pera' sweet orange or clean air in treatments with four white-colored-fields, independently of the odor source and airflow tested. For the assays using two white- and two yellow-colored fields on opposite sides and 0.4 or 0.1 LPM airflow, the residence time of ACP females to odors ('Pera' sweet orange or clean air) was similar or higher in treatments using yellow- than those using white-colored fields. For both assays (VOCs and olfactometric behavioral parameters), the reduction in airflow from 0.4 to 0.1 LPM greatly changed the airborne concentration and ACP behavior. Quantitative chemical analyses revelead that the concentration of most compounds emitted by 'Pera' sweet orange flushes for the headspace using 0.1 LPM airflow were greater than the concentrations measured using 0.4 LPM airflow. Therefore, this treatment design provides an useful tool to assess the ACP behavioral response to the odors from citrus plants, and it can also help in the discrimination of dose-response screenings for VOCs or conspecific insects.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0235630