Restless legs syndrome: An overview of pathophysiology, comorbidities and therapeutic approaches (Review)

Restless legs syndrome: An overview of pathophysiology, comorbidities and therapeutic approaches (Review)

The aim of this overview was to outline the pathophysiology, common comorbidities and current therapeutic modalities in the treatment/management of restless legs syndrome (RLS) a sensorimotor neurological disorder. The main symptom in RLS is a compelling compulsion to move the legs and a sense of re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental and therapeutic medicine Vol. 23; no. 2
Main Authors: Vlasie, Andrei, Trifu, Simona Corina, Lupuleac, Cristiana, Kohn, Bianca, Cristea, Mihai Bogdan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Athens Spandidos Publications 01-02-2022
Spandidos Publications UK Ltd
D.A. Spandidos
Subjects:
Blood & organ donations
Blood-brain barrier
Brain research
Care and treatment
Circadian rhythm
Comorbidity
Complications and side effects
Development and progression
Dopamine
Hypoxia
Insomnia
Iron
Irritable bowel syndrome
Pathophysiology
Patients
Pregnancy
Quality of life
Restless legs syndrome
Review
Sleep
Romania
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Summary:The aim of this overview was to outline the pathophysiology, common comorbidities and current therapeutic modalities in the treatment/management of restless legs syndrome (RLS) a sensorimotor neurological disorder. The main symptom in RLS is a compelling compulsion to move the legs and a sense of restlessness at rest most commonly occurring during the night and improving with movement. The prevalence of secondary RLS among comorbid conditions such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, end-stage renal disease, irritable bowel syndrome and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder have further elucidated our understanding of the role of the iron-dopamine hypothesis as an etiopathogenetic hallmark in RLS and the efficacy of therapeutic approaches in milder to more severe forms. Currently, RLS treatment uses only symptomatic agents, since a disease-modifying therapy does not yet exist. The phenomena of rebound and augmentation have become central phenomena in overcoming the pharmacotherapeutic challenges when treating with dopaminergic agents in RLS. Considering alternative nonpharmacological therapies, especially for the treatment of RLS in pregnancy has a significant role and positive clinical outcome for patients in controlling symptoms.
Bibliography:Contributed equally
ISSN:1792-0981
1792-1015
DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11108