Cartilage-Specific Gene Expression and Extracellular Matrix Deposition in the Course of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Chondrogenic Differentiation in 3D Spheroid Culture

Articular cartilage damage still remains a major problem in orthopedical surgery. The development of tissue engineering techniques such as autologous chondrocyte implantation is a promising way to improve clinical outcomes. On the other hand, the clinical application of autologous chondrocytes has c...

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Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 11; p. 5695
Main Authors:	Vakhrushev, Igor V, Basok, Yulia B, Baskaev, Konstantin K, Novikova, Victoria D, Leonov, Georgy E, Grigoriev, Alexey M, Belova, Aleksandra D, Kirsanova, Ludmila A, Lupatov, Alexey Y, Burunova, Veronika V, Kovalev, Alexey V, Makarevich, Pavel I, Sevastianov, Victor I, Yarygin, Konstantin N
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 01-06-2024 MDPI
Subjects:	adipose tissue Adipose Tissue - cytology Adipose Tissue - metabolism Arthritis Biopsy Body fat Cartilage Cartilage - cytology Cartilage - metabolism Cell Culture Techniques - methods Cell Differentiation Cells Cells, Cultured Chondrocytes - cytology Chondrocytes - metabolism Chondrogenesis - genetics chondrogenic differentiation Collagen deciduous teeth Dental Pulp - cytology Dental Pulp - metabolism Extracellular matrix Extracellular Matrix - metabolism Fibroblasts Gene expression Genes Genetic aspects Genetic research Genetic transcription Humans Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism mesenchymal stromal cells Morphology Osteoarthritis Spheroids Spheroids, Cellular - cytology Spheroids, Cellular - metabolism Stem cells Tissue engineering Tissue Engineering - methods Tooth, Deciduous - cytology Tooth, Deciduous - metabolism Transforming growth factors Umbilical cord Wharton Jelly - cytology Wharton’s jelly Germany Missouri Russia chondrogenic differentiation cartilage regeneration chondrospheres mesenchymal stromal cells adipose tissue 3D cell culture deciduous teeth Wharton’s jelly umbilical cord tissue spheroids
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Summary:	Articular cartilage damage still remains a major problem in orthopedical surgery. The development of tissue engineering techniques such as autologous chondrocyte implantation is a promising way to improve clinical outcomes. On the other hand, the clinical application of autologous chondrocytes has considerable limitations. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from various tissues have been shown to possess chondrogenic differentiation potential, although to different degrees. In the present study, we assessed the alterations in chondrogenesis-related gene transcription rates and extracellular matrix deposition levels before and after the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in a 3D spheroid culture. MSCs were obtained from three different tissues: umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (WJMSC-Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells), adipose tissue (ATMSC-adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells), and the dental pulp of deciduous teeth (SHEDs-stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth). Monolayer MSC cultures served as baseline controls. Newly formed 3D spheroids composed of MSCs previously grown in 2D cultures were precultured for 2 days in growth medium, and then, chondrogenic differentiation was induced by maintaining them in the TGF-β1-containing medium for 21 days. Among the MSC types studied, WJMSCs showed the most similarities with primary chondrocytes in terms of the upregulation of cartilage-specific gene expression. Interestingly, such upregulation occurred to some extent in all 3D spheroids, even prior to the addition of TGF-β1. These results confirm that the potential of Wharton's jelly is on par with adipose tissue as a valuable cell source for cartilage engineering applications as well as for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The 3D spheroid environment on its own acts as a trigger for the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms25115695