Anthocyanins Protect Hepatocytes against CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Pro-inflammatory mediators, Polyamine Catabolism, Lipocalin-2, and Excessive Proliferation of Kupffer Cells

This study examined the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins from Vaccinim myrtillus (bilberry) fruit extract on the acute liver failure caused by carbon tetrachloride-CCl4 (3 mL/kg, i.p.). The preventive treatment of the bilberry extract (200 mg anthocyanins/kg, orally, 7...

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Published in:	Antioxidants Vol. 8; no. 10; p. 451
Main Authors:	Popović, Dejan, Kocić, Gordana, Katić, Vuka, Zarubica, Aleksandra, Janković Veličković, Ljubinka, Ničković, Vanja P., Jović, Andrija, Veljković, Andrej, Petrović, Vladimir, Rakić, Violeta, Jović, Zorica, Poklar Ulrih, Nataša, Sokolović, Danka, Stojanović, Marko, Stanković, Marko, Radenković, Goran, Nikolić, Gordana R., Lukač, Аzra, Milosavljević, Aleksandar, Sokolović, Dušan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basel MDPI AG 04-10-2019 MDPI
Subjects:	Anthocyanins anti-inflammatory effects Antioxidants Biochemistry Carbon tetrachloride Cell proliferation Chloride Citrulline Cyclooxygenase-2 Drug overdose Fruits Glutamate dehydrogenase Glutathione transferase Hepatocytes Hydrogen peroxide Hyperplasia Hypoplasia Inflammation Interleukin 6 Kupffer cells Laboratory animals Lipid peroxidation Lipocalin lipocalin-2 Liver diseases Malate dehydrogenase Mass spectrometry Medicine NAD(P)H oxidase Nitric-oxide synthase Oxidation Peroxidase Phenols Physiology polyamine catabolism Polyamines Potassium Putrescine Putrescine oxidase Salt Scientific imaging Sodium St Louis Missouri Belgium United States > US Massachusetts Slovenia Serbia Germany
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Summary:	This study examined the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins from Vaccinim myrtillus (bilberry) fruit extract on the acute liver failure caused by carbon tetrachloride-CCl4 (3 mL/kg, i.p.). The preventive treatment of the bilberry extract (200 mg anthocyanins/kg, orally, 7 days) prior to the exposure to the CCl4 resulted in an evident decrease in markers of liver damage (glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase), and reduced pro-oxidative (conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, advanced oxidation protein products, NADPH oxidase, hydrogen peroxide, oxidized glutathione), and pro-inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, nitrite, myeloperoxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, CD68, lipocalin-2), and also caused a significant decrease in the dissipation of the liver antioxidative defence capacities (reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, and quinone reductase) in comparison to the results detected in the animals treated with CCl4 exclusively. The administration of the anthocyanins prevented the arginine metabolism’s diversion towards the citrulline, decreased the catabolism of polyamines (the activity of putrescine oxidase and spermine oxidase), and significantly reduced the excessive activation and hyperplasia of the Kupffer cells. There was also an absence of necrosis, in regard to the toxic effect of CCl4 alone. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of bilberry extract are based on the inhibition of pro-oxidative mediators, strong anti-inflammatory properties, inducing of hepatic phase II antioxidant enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, quinone reductase) and reduced glutathione, hypoplasia of Kupffer cells, and a decrease in the catabolism of polyamines.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2076-3921 2076-3921
DOI:	10.3390/antiox8100451