Characterization and photocatalytic treatability of red water from Brazilian TNT industry

•The red water effluent has high levels of COD, color and acute toxicity.•The compounds 2-methyl-1, 3-dinitrobenzene, 1-methyl-2, 4-dinitrobenzene and 1-methyl-3, 5-dinitrobenzene were identified.•A nanostructured TiO2-borosilicate glass was obtained and characterized.•The photocatalytic treatment r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of hazardous materials Vol. 293; pp. 81 - 86
Main Authors:	Ludwichk, Raquel, Helferich, Oliver Karil, Kist, Cristiane Patrícia, Lopes, Aline Chitto, Cavasotto, Thiago, Silva, Davi Costa, Barreto-Rodrigues, Marcio
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15-08-2015
Subjects:	Animals Benzene Derivatives - chemistry Benzene Derivatives - toxicity Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis Borosilicate-glass-TiO2 Brazil Catalysis Color Daphnia - drug effects Glass Industrial Waste Nanostructures - chemistry Nanostructures - radiation effects Nitroaromatic compounds Red water Silicates - chemistry Silicates - radiation effects Titanium - chemistry Titanium - radiation effects Toxicity Tests, Acute Trinitrotoluene Ultraviolet Rays Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity Brazil Borosilicate-glass-TiO2 Red water Nitroaromatic compounds Borosilicate-glass-TiO
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Summary:	•The red water effluent has high levels of COD, color and acute toxicity.•The compounds 2-methyl-1, 3-dinitrobenzene, 1-methyl-2, 4-dinitrobenzene and 1-methyl-3, 5-dinitrobenzene were identified.•A nanostructured TiO2-borosilicate glass was obtained and characterized.•The photocatalytic treatment removes all color 32% of the organic matter content of the effluent.•The borosilicate-glass-TiO2 system degrades all content of identified nitroaromatic compounds. The current study aims to characterize and evaluate the photocatalytic treatability of the “red water” effluent from a Brazilian TNT production industry. Analyses were performed using physical, chemical, spectroscopic and chromatographic assays, which demonstrated that the effluent presented a significant pollution potential, mainly due to COD, BOD, solids and to the high concentration of nitroaromatic compounds such as 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 1-methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 2-methyl-1,3-dinitrobenzene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-3,5-dinitro-p-toluidine and 2-methyl-3,5-dinitro-benzoamine. By a modified sol-gel and a dip-coating technique, it was possible to obtain a TiO2 film on borosilicate glass substrate which functional composition and microstructure were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The evaluation of the photocatalytic treatability using borosilicate-glass-TiO2 demonstrated high degradation efficiency. In this context, a reduction of 32 and 100% for COD and nitroaromatic compounds, respectively, was observed. Although the proposed photocatalytic process has found difficulties in reducing the content of organic matter and effluent color in the red water, its potential for degrading refractory chemical compounds such as the nitroaromatic ones enables it to be used as tertiary treatment.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0304-3894 1873-3336
DOI:	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.017