The intrinsic toughness and adhesion mechanisms of a glass/epoxy interface

Glass/epoxy interfaces of sandwich specimens were fractured under steady-state conditions over a wide range of in-plane mode-mix. The plastic dissipation was calculated via finite element analysis and subtracted from the steady-state fracture toughness to obtain the intrinsic toughness of the interf...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids Vol. 47; no. 2; pp. 223 - 258
Main Authors:	Swadener, J.G., Liechti, K.M., Lozanne, A.l.de
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-02-1999 Elsevier
Subjects:	Applied sciences Composites Crack mechanics Exact sciences and technology Forms of application and semi-finished materials Fracture mechanisms Fracture toughness Mechanical properties Optical interferometry Physical properties Polymer industry, paints, wood Properties and testing Technology of polymers X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy A Fracture mechanisms Optical interferometry B C Crack mechanics X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Fracture toughness Atomic force microscopy Pull out resistance Fiber reinforced material Rupture Sandwich structure Epoxy resin Numerical method Experimental study Adhesion Finite element method Inelasticity Matrix fiber interface Investigation method Dissipation Testing equipment Photoelectron spectrometry Glass fiber Tenacity Surface energy Fracture mode
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Summary:	Glass/epoxy interfaces of sandwich specimens were fractured under steady-state conditions over a wide range of in-plane mode-mix. The plastic dissipation was calculated via finite element analysis and subtracted from the steady-state fracture toughness to obtain the intrinsic toughness of the interface. Mechanisms which contribute to the intrinsic toughness were found to include the thermodynamic work of adhesion, local inelastic deformations and polymer chain pull-out, but their combined energy was only approximately 15% of the intrinsic toughness. Angular dependent x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the glass surfaces after fracture revealed epoxy adsorbed to a depth of approximately 3 nm. Cleavage of epoxy strands was found to be the most significant mechanism contributing approximately 40% to the intrinsic toughness of the interface.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0022-5096
DOI:	10.1016/S0022-5096(98)00084-2