The Role of Glutathione in the Management of Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Individuals with HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major cause of death worldwide. Without appropriate antiretroviral therapy, the infection can develop into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS leads to the dysregulation of cell-mediated immunity resulting in increased susceptibility to opportunist...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 5; p. 2952
Main Authors:	Lin, Nicole, Erdos, Thomas, Louie, Carson, Desai, Raina, Lin, Naomi, Ayzenberg, Gregory, Venketaraman, Vishwanath
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 01-03-2024 MDPI
Subjects:	Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS Antigens antioxidants Apoptosis B cells CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell death cell-mediated immunity Cytokines Cytotoxicity Development and progression Diseases free radicals Glutathione Health aspects Highly active antiretroviral therapy HIV HIV (Viruses) HIV Infections HIV patients HIV-associated neurodegenerative diseases Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immune response Immune system Immunity, Cellular Immunology Infections Inflammation interleukins Lymphocytes Oxidative stress Pathogenesis Pathogens Review Risk factors T cells Thiols free radicals HIV antioxidants HIV-associated neurodegenerative diseases T cells N-acetylcysteine cell-mediated immunity interleukins
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Summary:	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major cause of death worldwide. Without appropriate antiretroviral therapy, the infection can develop into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS leads to the dysregulation of cell-mediated immunity resulting in increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and excessive amounts of inflammatory cytokines. HIV-positive individuals also demonstrate diminished glutathione (GSH) levels which allows for increased viral replication and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine release, further contributing to the high rates of mortality seen in patients with HIV. Adequate GSH supplementation has reduced inflammation and slowed the decline of CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-positive individuals. We aim to review the current literature regarding the role of GSH in cell-mediated immune responses in individuals with HIV- and AIDS-defining illnesses.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms25052952