Identification of active sonochemical zones in a triple frequency ultrasonic reactor via physical and chemical characterization techniques

Identification of active sonochemical zones in a triple frequency ultrasonic reactor via physical and chemical characterization techniques

•Characterization of a triple-frequency ultrasonic reactor via sonochemiluminescence has been attempted.•Active sonochemical zones were detected throughout the reactor.•Intensity of sonochemiluminescence emission matches with rate of dye degradation.•Possibility of wave cancelling effects has been p...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ultrasonics sonochemistry Vol. 35; no. Pt B; pp. 569 - 576
Main Authors: Tiong, T. Joyce, Liew, Derick K.L., Gondipon, Ramona C., Wong, Ryan W., Loo, Yuen Ling, Lok, Matthew S.T., Manickam, Sivakumar
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-03-2017
Subjects:
Cavitation
Characterization
Degradation
Reactor
Triple frequency
Ultrasound
Triple frequency
Degradation
Characterization
Reactor
Cavitation
Ultrasound
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:•Characterization of a triple-frequency ultrasonic reactor via sonochemiluminescence has been attempted.•Active sonochemical zones were detected throughout the reactor.•Intensity of sonochemiluminescence emission matches with rate of dye degradation.•Possibility of wave cancelling effects has been proposed in the reactor.•Characterization results enable further understanding of the reactor for future optimization. Coupling multiple frequencies in ultrasonic systems is one of the highly desired area of research for sonochemists, as it is known for producing synergistic effects on various ultrasonic reactions. In this study, the characteristics of a hexagonal-shaped triple frequency ultrasonic reactor with the combination frequencies of 28, 40 and 70kHz were studied. The results showed that uniform temperature increment was achieved throughout the reactor at all frequency combinations. On the other hand, sonochemiluminescence emission and degradation rate of Rhodamine B varies throughout different areas of the reactor, indicating the presence of acoustic ‘hot spots’ at certain areas of the reactor. Also, coupling dual and triple frequencies showed a decrease in the hydroxyl radical (OH) production, suggesting probable wave cancelling effect in the system. The results can therefore be served as a guide to optimize the usage of a triple frequency ultrasonic reactor for future applications.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:1350-4177
1873-2828
DOI:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.04.029