Combinations of Beta Cell Specific Autoantibodies at Diagnosis of Diabetes in Young Adults Reflects Different Courses of Beta Cell Damage

To explore the natural course of beta cell function in recent onset diabetes, a subgroup (n=157) of all incident cases (n=879) 15-34 years old, 1992-1993 in Sweden, and with posi-tivity for at least one autoantibody of islet cell antibodies (ICA), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) or tyr...

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Published in:	Autoimmunity (Chur, Switzerland) Vol. 33; no. 2; pp. 115 - 120
Main Authors:	Törn, C., Landin-Olsson, M., Lernmark, A., Scherstén, B., Östman, J., Arnqvist, H. J., Björk, E., Blohmé, G., Bolinder, J., Eriksson, J., Littorini, B., Nyström, L., Sundkvist, G.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Abingdon Informa UK Ltd 01-01-2001 Taylor & Francis Taylor and Francis
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Autoantibodies - analysis Autoantibodies - blood Autoantigens - immunology beta cell function Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers - blood C-Peptide - blood Clinical Medicine Diabetes Mellitus - diagnosis Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus - immunology Diabetes Mellitus - pathology Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinopathies Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance Follow-Up Studies GADA Humans IA-2A ICA Islets of Langerhans - immunology Islets of Langerhans - pathology Klinisk medicin Medical and Health Sciences Medical sciences MEDICIN Medicin och hälsovetenskap MEDICINE Membrane Proteins - immunology Prospective Studies Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases - immunology Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8 Reumatologi och inflammation Rheumatology and Autoimmunity Sweden Sweden - epidemiology Sweden Endocrinopathy Human Immunopathology Cell function Prognosis Enzyme Antibody Langerhans islet Phosphoric monoester hydrolases Autoantibody Autoimmune disease Esterases Lyases Glutamate decarboxylase Carbon-carbon lyases B-Cell Immunological investigation Carboxy-lyases Young adult Insulin dependent diabetes Hydrolases Pancreas Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase
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Summary:	To explore the natural course of beta cell function in recent onset diabetes, a subgroup (n=157) of all incident cases (n=879) 15-34 years old, 1992-1993 in Sweden, and with posi-tivity for at least one autoantibody of islet cell antibodies (ICA), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) or tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA-2A) were followed prospectively for the first four years with annual analysis of C-peptide. The aim was to relate the course of beta cell function, measured as C-peptide, in early diabetes with the presence of different islet autoantibodies at diagnosis. We found that patients positive for ICA alone (n=11) had significantly higher C-peptide levels both at diagnosis and during the first three years compared with the other patients (n=146; p=0.022, p<0.001, p=0.004 and p=0.0022). Patients positive for GADA alone or in combination with other antibodies (n=125) had significantly lower C-peptide during the first three years after diagnosis compared with the other patients (n=32, p<0.001, p=0.0011 and p=0.0136). Patients with two or three autoantibodies had C-peptide levels similar to levels found in patients positive only for GADA. However, after four years, there were no significant differences between any of the groups of different autoantibody combinations. At diagnosis, 55% (86/157) of the patients had C-peptide levels above the lower normal range of 0.25 nmol/1, but the frequency of patients with beta cell function above this level decreased after two years to 41% (65/157; p=0.035) and after four years to 22% (35/157; p=0.0041). It is concluded that young adult diabetic patients positive only for ICA at diagnosis have a better preserved beta cell function with higher levels of C-peptide during the first three years compared with patients positive for GADA alone or in combinations with other autoantibodies.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0891-6934 1607-842X 1607-842X
DOI:	10.3109/08916930108995996