RAPTOR: a fluoroimmunoassay-based fiber optic sensor for detection of biological threats

The RAPTOR was developed to meet the need for a small, portable, easily operated biosensor for the detection of biological threats in the field. This device has evolved over a number of years to reach its current level of maturity. This paper describes details of the RAPTOR's design, including...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	IEEE sensors journal Vol. 3; no. 4; pp. 352 - 360
Main Authors:	Jung, C.C., Saaski, E.W., McCrae, D.A., Lingerfelt, B.M., Anderson, G.P.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York, NY IEEE 01-08-2003 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	Bacteria Biological and medical sciences Biomedical optical imaging Biosensors Chemistry Diverse techniques Exact sciences and technology Fiber-optic instruments Fluidics Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General equipment and techniques Instruments Instruments, apparatus, components and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy Molecular and cellular biology Optical design Optical detectors Optical fiber sensors Optical instruments, equipment and techniques Optical sensors Physics Reliability Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing Bacillus anthracis Immunoassay Biotin Design for testability Bacillaceae Experimental study Avidin Optical waveguides Fiber optic sensors Toxin Bacillales Enterotoxin Bacteria Portable equipment Biosensors Immunofluorescence Microfluidics Francisella tularensis
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Summary:	The RAPTOR was developed to meet the need for a small, portable, easily operated biosensor for the detection of biological threats in the field. This device has evolved over a number of years to reach its current level of maturity. This paper describes details of the RAPTOR's design, including the recent upgrades to the fluidics and optics subsystems, as well as design improvements that have increased both system reliability and sensitivity. Working with these system upgrades, we also investigated biochemical methods that further improve assay sensitivity. The use of NeutrAvidin/biotin chemistry to improve immobilization of the capture antibody, coupled with use of the fluorophore Alexa Fluor 647 to label the tracer antibody, has resulted in a two- to four-fold signal enhancement. These gains, in combination with redesigned optics and instrumentation, have resulted in approximately a log-order improvement over earlier systems. These improvements are shown for an assortment of analytes of interest, including Staphylococcal enterotoxin type-B, Francisella tularensis, Bacillus anthracis, and Bacillus globigii spores.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	1530-437X 1558-1748
DOI:	10.1109/JSEN.2003.815775