Thinner inner retinal layers are associated with lower cognitive performance, lower brain volume, and altered white matter network structure—The Maastricht Study

INTRODUCTION The retina may provide non‐invasive, scalable biomarkers for monitoring cerebral neurodegeneration. METHODS We used cross‐sectional data from The Maastricht study (n = 3436; mean age 59.3 years; 48% men; and 21% with type 2 diabetes [the latter oversampled by design]). We evaluated asso...

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Published in:	Alzheimer's & dementia Vol. 20; no. 1; pp. 316 - 329
Main Authors:	Heide, Frank C. T., Steens, Indra L. M., Limmen, Betsie, Mokhtar, Sara, Boxtel, Martin P. J., Schram, Miranda T., Köhler, Sebastian, Kroon, Abraham A., Kallen, Carla J. H., Dagnelie, Pieter C., Dongen, Martien C. J. M., Eussen, Simone J. P. M., Berendschot, Tos T. J. M., Webers, Carroll A. B., Greevenbroek, Marleen M. J., Koster, Annemarie, Sloten, Thomas T., Jansen, Jacobus F. A., Backes, Walter H., Stehouwer, Coen D. A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-01-2024 John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:	Alzheimer's disease Biological markers Biomarkers Brain brain structural connectivity brain volume Clustering clustering coefficient Cognitive ability cognitive function cognitive performance Cohort analysis Dementia Diabetes Efficiency Executive function global efficiency Glucose graph theory grey matter Information processing local efficiency Magnetic resonance imaging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Memory Metabolism Neurodegeneration optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal imaging retinal neurodegeneration Software Type 2 diabetes mellitus white matter whole brain node degree United States > US Netherlands Germany cognitive function global efficiency clustering coefficient graph theory brain structural connectivity retinal imaging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) white matter local efficiency brain volume whole brain node degree optical coherence tomography (OCT) grey matter cognitive performance retinal neurodegeneration
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Summary:	INTRODUCTION The retina may provide non‐invasive, scalable biomarkers for monitoring cerebral neurodegeneration. METHODS We used cross‐sectional data from The Maastricht study (n = 3436; mean age 59.3 years; 48% men; and 21% with type 2 diabetes [the latter oversampled by design]). We evaluated associations of retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, and inner plexiform layer thicknesses with cognitive performance and magnetic resonance imaging indices (global grey and white matter volume, hippocampal volume, whole brain node degree, global efficiency, clustering coefficient, and local efficiency). RESULTS After adjustment, lower thicknesses of most inner retinal layers were significantly associated with worse cognitive performance, lower grey and white matter volume, lower hippocampal volume, and worse brain white matter network structure assessed from lower whole brain node degree, lower global efficiency, higher clustering coefficient, and higher local efficiency. DISCUSSION The retina may provide biomarkers that are informative of cerebral neurodegenerative changes in the pathobiology of dementia.
Bibliography:	Frank C.T. van der Heide and Indra L.M. Steens contributed equally to this study. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1552-5260 1552-5279 1552-5279
DOI:	10.1002/alz.13442