Predictive factors for sepsis by carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli in adult critical patients in Rio de Janeiro: a case-case-control design in a prospective cohort study

Studies have investigated risk factors for infections by specific species of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB), but few considered the group of GNB species and most of them were performed in the setting of bacteremia or hospital infection. This study was implemented to identify ris...

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Published in:	Antimicrobial resistance & infection control Vol. 9; no. 1; p. 132
Main Authors:	Lima, Elisangela M, Cid, Patrícia A, Beck, Debora S, Pinheiro, Luiz Henrique Z, Tonhá, João Pedro S, Alves, Marcio Z O, Lourenço, Newton D, Santos, Roberto Q, Asensi, Marise D, Marques, José Aurélio, Bandeira, Carolina S, Rodrigues, Caio Augusto S, Gomes Junior, Saint Clair S, Gomes, Marisa Z R
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central 14-08-2020 BMC
Subjects:	Anesthesia Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Antimicrobial resistance Bacterial diseases Cohort analysis Disease control Drug resistance Gram-negative bacilli Hospital infection Hospitalization Laboratories Mortality Nosocomial infection Nosocomial infections Patients Polymerase chain reaction Regression analysis Risk factors Sepsis Studies Surveillance Urinary tract infections Variables Ventilators Brazil Rio de Janeiro Brazil Polymerase chain reaction Hospital infection Gram-negative bacilli Sepsis Antimicrobial resistance Risk factors
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Summary:	Studies have investigated risk factors for infections by specific species of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB), but few considered the group of GNB species and most of them were performed in the setting of bacteremia or hospital infection. This study was implemented to identify risk factors for sepsis by CR- and carbapenem-susceptible (CS) GNB in intensive care unit (ICU) patients to improve management strategies for CR-GNB sepsis. We developed a case-case-control study from a prospective cohort of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis-2 or sepsis-3 criteria in which blood and other sample cultures were collected and antimicrobial therapy was instituted, in an adult clinical-surgical ICU, at tertiary public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, from August 2015 through March 2017. Among the total of 629 ICU admissions followed by 7797 patient-days, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria we identified 184 patients who developed recurrent or single hospital-acquired sepsis. More than 90% of all evaluable cases of sepsis and 87% of control group fulfilled the modified sepsis-3 definition. Non-fermenting bacilli and ventilator-associated pneumonia predominated as etiology and source of CR-GNB sepsis. While Enterobacteriaceae and intra-abdominal surgical site plus urinary-tract infections prevailed in CS-GNB than CR-GNB sepsis. Carbapenemase production was estimated in 76% of CR-GNB isolates. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed previous infection (mostly hospital-acquired bacterial infection or sepsis) (OR = 4.28; 95% CI 1.77-10.35), mechanical ventilation (OR = 4.21; 95% CI 1.17-15.18), carbapenem use (OR = 3.42; 95% CI 1.37-8.52) and length of hospital stay (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.05) as independent risk factors for sepsis by CR-GNB. While ICU readmission (OR = 6.92; 95% CI 1.72-27.78) and nosocomial diarrhea (OR = 5.32; 95% CI 1.07-26.45) were factors associated with CS-GNB sepsis. The investigation of recurrent and not only bacteremic episodes of sepsis was the differential of this study. The results are in agreement with the basic information in the literature. This may help improve management strategies and future studies on sepsis by CR-GNB.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2047-2994 2047-2994
DOI:	10.1186/s13756-020-00791-w